The Bengali BSP supporters in Uttarakhand as well as in Bengal or anywhere else do not see any Wrong in Mayawati actions while she seems to have got a FREE Hand to UNDERMINE the Aboriginal Indigenous legacy as well as AMBEDKARITE PHULE MATUA Ideologies! I do not see any Difference in Mamata Banerjee and Mayawati as both are GREEDY to get in CHAIR and neither allows any Democratic Process.Both of them are habitual to showcase Human Face while supporting as Rock SOLID, ECONOMIC Ethnic Cleansing. In Fact, Mamata seems to have doctored Maya virsion of social engineering!
Cabinet approved NRI voting rights!
Voting rights for NRIs likely soon!
Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time - THREE HUNDRED NINETY Four
Palash Biswas
http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/
Deport plan for Bangla migrants | ||
| TAPAS CHAKRABORTY | ||
Lucknow, June 12: The Mayavati government today said it had identified 8,500 Bangladeshis living illegally in the state and planned to deport them, wading into a sensitive political issue in an attempt to hijack a BJP plank. State home department officials said that once the police had verified all the alleged Bangladeshis' antecedents, deportation would be recommended. They added that most of these Bengali-speaking settlers were Muslims and lived in Meerut, Lucknow and Noida. State home secretary Deepak Kumar said 57 Bangladeshis had been arrested and 18 deported in the first five months of this year. Such deportation, however, hardly achieves anything because Dhaka refuses to accept the alleged immigrants as its citizens. "After the BSF pushes them into Bangladesh, that country's border troops again push them back into India," an official said. Also, the issue can be thorny, with the Bengal Left often alleging that Muslims from Bengal are branded Bangladeshis and victimised by the police of other states. The BJP had attempted to orchestrate a campaign in 1999-2004 for the deportation of illegal Bangladeshi immigrants. Political analysts said Mayavati was trying to hijack the issue to win over some of the BJP's upper caste Hindu voters. An official claimed the Mayavati government had started the drive because of the terror attacks in the state by "home-grown terror modules". Samajwadi Party leaders were quick to claim that the Mayavati government was targeting their supporters by branding them Bangladeshis. However, like the Left in Bengal, the Samajwadis here have often been accused of issuing ration cards to Bangladeshis to "naturalise" them and create a vote bank. "The state government is aware of the sensitivity of the issue. We will verify all the details of their identity before deporting them," said R.K. Srivastava, an official of the immigration unit of state intelligence. Home secretary Deepak Kumar said most of these settlers — about 6,000 — lived in Meerut in western Uttar Pradesh, 350km from here, and about 1,800 in Lucknow. "In Meerut, they try to merge themselves in the mainstream Muslim society but their broken Hindustani gives them away. They settle in Meerut because it is easier for them to travel to Delhi in search of work," an official said. "In Lucknow, they work as labourers in the unorganised sector and their women work as housemaids." Another home department official said that some 350 Bangladeshi nationals had been identified in Noida but their number there could be higher. Many of these Bangladeshis are engaged in human trafficking, an official alleged. He said the police had arrested four Bangladeshis, including a woman, in January from Saharanpur district and they had admitted to running a trafficking racket for the past five years. "They were bringing Bangladeshis to India by promising them jobs and were charging money from them," the official said. | ||
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Choose ANDERSON Your Prime Minister as Voting Rights to NRIs Imminent! Cabinet on Wednesday approved a proposal to enact the Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill, 2006 enabling non-resident Indians to exercise their voting rights. Even though the Non Resident Indians(NRI's) holding the Indian Passport are allowed to exercise their vote by their physical presence in India, very few NRIs can cast their vote and cannot make themselves available in India every time to participate in the election.Many times, the names are removed from the list by the authorities with the assumption that the NRI's are not available in India for voting. The Ruling Class Brahaminical strongly feel that the dual citizenship holders should also exercise their vote because of their contributions for development of India and unfortunately this provision is not there due to the present rules.The bill proposing voting rights to Indian citizens living abroad on account of employment, education or other purposes was introduced in the Rajya Sabha in February 2006, the minister told the Lok Sabha.
The bill was referred to the parliamentary standing committee, which presented its report on it to the Rajya Sabha and laid it on the table of the Lok Sabha Aug 4, 2006.
A longstanding demand for voting rights in India by millions of NRIs may finally see the light of the day with a Group of Ministers (GoM) clearing a draft bill on the issue, paving the way for its consideration by the Union Cabinet.Drafted almost fours years back by the overseas affairs ministry, the Representation of People's (Amendment) Bill was cleared by a GoM headed by defence minister Mr AK Antony and is likely to be presented soon before the Cabinet.
As Voting Right seems to be the Next Possible thing in Free market Democracy sponsered and the Legislation Ensured with Majority Multi Billionair Brahaminical Representation, the Refugees, Tribal communities, Slum Dwellers, Underclasses and displaced SC, OBC and Minority Communities are Subjected to DEPORTATION Drive Countrywide, now, Backed by no other persons, but the Dalit Queen Mayawati, herself!
STANDING COMMITTEE ON PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES,
LAW AND JUSTICE INVITES SUGGESTIONS
ON
THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE (SECOND AMENDMENT) BILL, 2008
The Representation of the People (Second Amendment) Bill, 2008 introduced in Rajya Sabha on the 24th October, 2008 and pending therein, has been referred to the Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice, headed by Dr. E.M. Sudarsana Natchiappan, Member, Rajya Sabha for examination and report.
2. The Bill, introduced in pursuance of the examination of the proposals of the Election Commission of India on electoral reforms by the Government, proposes to amend the Representation of the People Act, 1950 and the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
3. Accordingly, the amendments proposed in the Bill are in:-
(a) the Representation of the People Act, 1950 :-
amendment of section 24 for the appointment of the appellate authority within the district against the orders of the electoral registration officers;
(b) the Representation of the People Act, 1951 :-
(i) simplification of procedure for disqualification of a person found guilty of corrupt practices by specifying a time limit in section 8A;
(ii) amendment of section 34 for increase in the security deposit of the candidates nominated for elections;
(iii) amendment of section 123(7) for inclusion of all officials appointed in connection with the conduct of elections so as to bring them within the ambit of corrupt practices, if they indulge in furtherance of the prospects of the candidates at elections; and
(iv) insertion of new sections 126A and 126B for restricting the publication of results of all exit polls by whatever means till the last poll in an election is held.
4. The Committee has decided to invite memoranda containing views of the individuals/organizations interested in the subject-matter of the Bill and also to hear oral evidence on the subject.
5. Those desirous of submitting memoranda on the Bill to the Committee may send two typewritten copies thereof in double-space (either in English or Hindi) to Shri K.P. Singh, Joint Director, Rajya Sabha Secretariat, Room No. 212A, Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi‑110001 (Tel: 23034292 and Fax 23016784, E-mail: kpsingh@sansad.nic.in and rs-cpers@sansad.nic.in) within thirty days* of publication of this advertisement, indicating whether they would also be interested in giving oral evidence before the Committee.
6. The memoranda, which might be submitted to the Committee, would form part of the records of the Committee and would be treated as confidential and would not be circulated to anyone and any act contrary thereto would constitute a breach of privilege of the Committee.
7. The Bill was published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 2, dated the 24th October, 2008. Its copies can be had on written request to the above-mentioned Officer or can be downloaded from the official web-site of the Rajya Sabha (http://rajyasabha.nic.in ), under the caption "Bills with the Committee".
http://164.100.47.5/newcommittee/press_release/Press/Committee%20on%20Personnel,%20PublicGrievances,%20Law%20and%20Justice/pressrelease_peopleL.htmSearch Results
- [PDF]
THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1951
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F.46/50—C, dated 26th January, 1950, in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, page 678 (Pages 140 of Vol. I). Representation of the People Act, 1951 ...
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THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE (SECOND AMENDMENT) ACT, 2003
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the Representation of the People Act, 1951. BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-fourth Year of the Republic of. India as follows:-. CHAPTER I ...
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THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE (SECOND AMENDMENT) BILL, 2008
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People Act, 1950 (43 of 1950) and the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (43 of 1951). In. July, 2004, the Election Commission of India had forwarded a ...
www.prsindia.org/.../Representation/1226985722_The_Representation_of_the_People__Second_Amendment__Bill__2008.pdf - Similar Representation of People Act, 1951 - Forum - Law, Lawyers ...
6 posts - 5 authors - Last post: 4 Dec 2008Section 135B of The Representation of People Act,1951(known as Election Law along with Article 323 of the Constitution of India), ...
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Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra
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Mayawati Rejected Reservation to Resettled Refugees in UP and NOW, Joins the Brahaminical Deportation Brigade!The Telegraph report clarifies Mayawati`s stance which is on the line of Nationwide DEPORT Partition victim SC OBC Refugees launched by ADWANI, BUDDHA and PRANAB Mukherjee. Meanwhile, Citizenship Amendment Act has been Passed by NDA with ALL Party Support without any VIRTUAL Debate allowing Dual CITIZENSHIP to those who have NEVER been connected to India as we belonged to UNITED Undivided India and Systematically made Partition Victims to readjust DEMOGRAPHY across the border to sustain Brahaminical Zionist Hegemony! Dr Manmohan Singh as a Rjaya Sabha Member was only person along with General Shankar Roychowdhari who demanded Citizenship for all Bengali Refugees! But he became the Next Prime Minister and Modified the Act. Not only this, Dr Manmohan Singh constituted UNIQUE Identity Authority headed by Nandan Nilekani with Cabinet Minister rank to deprive of CITIZENSHIP to Aboriginal Tribes, Refugees, slum dwellers and underclasses. The Project is formatted to eject out SEVEN Hundred Indian Aboriginal Indigenous People out of Home!Our friends are engaged in the Debate of OBC Headcount which is denied since 1947 and has been assured to DIVERT us as Majority Masses are set to be OMITTED systematically from National Population Register and I had been writing and speaking constantly on this lethal ALCHEMIST Formula equating with Citizenship amendment Act, UNIQUE Identity and finally Market research oriented CENSUS!
The BRAHAMINICAL Hegemony consisting of all Political parties and Ideologies do bank on EXCLUSION and demographic Adjustment Readjustment to ENSURE that only the MICRO Minority THREE Percent BRAHMINS should RULE! The Caste System has Ensured this. Annihilation of caste was the Agenda of Dr Ambedkar and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia did seem to support the Idea. It is important because all OBC leaders opted for Socialism coined by Lohia. BUT the Zionist Brahmins have CONSOLIDATED the CASTE dividing us Further and killing Indian Republic and its democratic Constitution. Governance, Administration, Intelligentsia, Media, Policy making, NGOs, Social and environmental Activism- everything HANDLED by the Brahamins and we do play only TOOLS to be used and Co Opted!
Thus, I am AFRAID to say that MAYAWATI is ALLOWED to continue as UP Chief Minister just to KILL AMBEDKARITE Ideology and Movement. Kanshiram`s Bamcef divided in Various Groups may prove the Diversion of Post Ambedkar Post Kanshiram Movement limited in Power sharing based on caste Identity Only. I have also writing that we may not address the Global Phenomenon of ECONOMIC Ethnic Cleansing and systematic ethnic Cleansing. It is the same process replicated in Bengal where all ANTI Land Reform, Anti Marxist, Anti communist national and international forces rallied behind Mamata Banerjee to CONTINUE COMPLETE BRAHMIN Rule in Bengal!
I had NO Choice to write this as Mayawati Joins the ANTI Aboriginal Anti Indigenous Brigade of RSS, UPA, NDA and Marxists to deport SC and OBC and Minority Communities!
Mayawati's social engineering proving successful | Gilles Verniers ...
2 May 2007 ... Mayawati's social engineering proving successful ... made by most parties to broaden their support base by wooing social groups that did not ...
indiainteracts.in/.../Mayawatis-social-engineering-proving-successful/ - CachedMayawatis social engineering gives opposition sleepless nights
14 Nov 2007 ... Firmly in saddle with clear majority, buoyed with her social engineering mantra, the UP chief minister Mayawati is giving sleepless nights ...
www.merinews.com › India - Cached - SimilarMayawati to apply ?social engineering? in Jammu & Kashmir
Mayawati in her rally at Jammu has again tried the time-tested formula of social engineering. She asked cadres to prepare for the elections in the state as ...
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11 May 2007 ... Mayawati's strategy of sewing up a rainbow coalition, ... Incidentally, the BJP has been using social engineering effectively in the last ...
www.rediff.com › News › The battle for UP - Cached - SimilarIndias First Dalit Prime Minister Ms Mayawati ? by Dr. Subhash Kapila
15 Feb 2009 ... The social engineering that she crafted then and if repeated could may well ... If the Leftist Parties support Mayawati, the regional Dalit ...
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2 May 2007 ... One significant trend emerging from the current assembly elections in Uttar Pradesh is the attempt made by most parties to broaden their ...
www.nerve.in/news:25350044668 - CachedNow, Mayawati to take social engineering to Chhattisgarh
Latest news, breaking news - Now, Mayawati to take social engineering to Chhattisgarh.
www.indianexpress.com/...mayawati...social-engineering.../327981/ - United States - CachedDelhi to get a taste of Mayawati's social engineering - Express India
12 May 2008 ... New Delhi, May 12: Having tried and tested the concept in Uttar Pradesh, Mayawati's BSP is now putting 'social engineering' to use in the ...
www.expressindia.com/...Mayawatis-social-engineering/308508/ - Yemen - CachedBallia gives Mayawati's social engineering a jolt - The Hindustan ...
Ballia gives Mayawati's social engineering a jolt ... find The Hindustan Times articles. div id="be-doc-text"Report from Indo-Asian News Service brought to ...
www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1406978311.html - CachedWill Mayawati's Brahmin card work this time? | Analysis & Opinion |
21 Apr 2009 ... But two years have since passed, and there is speculation that all may not be well with Mayawati's social engineering. ...
blogs.reuters.com/.../will-mayawatis-brahmin-card-work-this-time/ - Cached - Similar
'Ambedkar' In And For The Post-Ambedkar Dalit Movement
Theorising The Dalit Movement: A Viewpoint
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Ambedkar and After: The Dalit Movement in India
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post-Ambedkar Dalit movement in India, a moment that was an ..... The 'post-Ambedkar Dalit movement' was ironically only that ...
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8 Dec 2005 ... The post Ambedkar Dalit movement had witnessed several ups and downs. ... Another aspect that the Dalit movement in the post-Ambedkar era ...
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Sanjay Paswan - 2003 - History - 456 pages
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20 Apr 2009 ... Dalit movement and politics. Dalit leaders are self-obsessed. They haven't been able to carry forward the legacy of the movement started by BR Ambedkar. ... I was just reading few posts, the one written by Tej Singh. ...
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Uttarakhandi resettled Partition Victim Bengalies, Rehabilitated as earlier as in 1952 there had been DENIED Citizenship by the then BJP Sate government headed by Nityanad Swami in 2001 in NDA REGIME and Mamata was the part and parcel of NDA at the time. We did resist and each and every Community supported us in Uttarakhand. For the first time, West Bengal, Bengali People, Civil Society and the Media supported us. Buddhadev talked to the then Home Minister LK Adwani as UTTARAKHAND BJP government rejected DOMICILE Certificate to Bengalies as Indian Citizens. Officials were writing NOT Indian citizens for all Bengalies! ND Tiwari voiced us in the Parliament twice! Only Mamata Banerjee did NOT Say a single word favouring SC OBC Refugees!The Mass Movement allowed us to get domicile certificates and the Citizenship has been defended since!
I am not against Mayawati sharing Power and being Projected as the Next Prime Minister of India. I know the lady represents the Bahujan Ambition to Rule for the Majority masses! In Bengal, specifically, BSP supporters and Intellectuals are very RIGID. They would not hear anything against the Policies adopted by Mayawati and her Governance. I met some Tikedar, a SC official from Mumabi and Mrs Tikedar also. I visited his In Law`s House in Barrackpur which has a HARI Mandir with him. But the couple is dedicated supporter of Mayawati Regime and denies acquaintance with us just because we DO NOT Support Maya ways of Power Sharing without Empowerment, awakening, Organisation and Internal Democracy. We also DO NOT Endorse her Casteology supported whole hearted by our dearest friend VTR, the editor of Dalit Voice! We should know that Bengalies belong to the rarest Clan of WORSHIPPERS engaged in INFINITE rituals to devote in the blindest ways. Worshipped are Gods, Semi Gods, Incarnations and Icons so much so, that it is beyond science, logic and History. The Matua Heritage overtaken by the Brahmins hate Dr. Ambedkar just because PR Thakur could not be elected to the Constitution Assembly as DR Ambedkar was ELECTED from Bengal with an INITIATIVE by Jogendra Nath Mandal and Mukund Bihari Mallick!
Mayawati is also WORSHIPPED by the SC supporters and Intellectuals of Bengal. As they worship Tagore, Vivekanand, Ramkrishna, HARI GURU Chand, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and Netaji! They have now selected a new GODDESS in Mamata Matua!
Mulayam Singh Yadav as the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh had recommended SC status for Resettled NAMOSHUDRA Refugees in UP and the Centre had to endorse the recommendation. But returning to power with thumping Majority, Mayawati did the FIRST Act to withdraw the RECOMMENDATION as the her caste is against for Fresh quota of reservation as Meenas are pitted against the Gujjars!
At home, in Udhamsingh Nagar district of Uttarakhand, it is Mayawati who chose a Bengali candidate PREMANANDA Mhajan as BSP Candidate from Pantnagar Gadarpur Assembly Seat. He is the sitting MLA representing us for TWO Back to Back Tenure. Mayawati also made the Bengali Refugee Men and Women candidates in Loksabha and Municipality Elections. For a few occasion, I was tremendously Pressurised to represent Nainital Loksabha seat by different parties just to break the Bengali Vote Bank. I had always been far away from Parliamentary Politics. Since other parties NEVER did provide any opportunity to represent even on block Level, the Bengalies in Uttarakhand, including my own Village Basantipur People have become RIGID BSP supporters though Mayawati has Never supported Reservation or Quota for the Bengali Refugees SC and OBC!
Premanand Mahajan is a Veteran now in Uttarkhand Politics. His brother NARAYAN Mahajan is my intimate friend and the Family had been very close to us. They belong to Chittagong. while we are rooted in Jassore! Our parents have been Friends for decades.Premanand visits our home even today and spares some time for me whenever I am in the area.
I suggested Premanand to meet Mayawati and ask her to reconsider the decision to deprive our people. He could not do it , I knew. But he disconnected himself from my touch. He had assured me to send documents denying the charge. I am still waiting. He visited Kolkata and did not call me. Recently I met the Brothers in mourning and he explained that he was so busy.
The Bengali BSP supporters in Uttarakhand as well as in Bengal or anywhere else do not see any Wrong in Mayawati actions while she seems to have got a FREE Hand to UNDERMINE the Aboriginal Indigenous legacy as well as AMBEDKARITE PHULE MATUA Ideologies! I do not see any Difference in Mamata Banerjee and Mayawati as both are GREEDY to get in CHAIR and neither allows any Democratic Process.Both of them are habitual to showcase Human Face while supporting as Rock SOILD, ECONOMIC Ethnic Cleansing. In Fact, Mamata seems to have doctored Maya virsion of social engineering!
With questions being raised over handling of the Bhopal gas tragedy, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Monday directed the Group of Ministers headed by Home Minister P Chidambaram to meet "immediately" and report to the Cabinet within ten days.
The GoM has been asked to assess the options and remedies available to the government in the light of the Bhopal court's verdict in the gas tragedy case.
"The Prime Minister has directed that the GoM headed by Home Minister and constituted to look into all issues relating to Bhopal gas disaster, may meet immediately to take stock of the situation arising out of the recent court judgement to assess the options and remedies available to the government on the various issues involved and to report to the Cabinet within ten days," a PMO spokesman said.
Voting rights for NRI's - Unethical or Pro-development. |
NRI's were conferred voting rights in the recently held Pravasi Bharaitya Divas meet in Hyderabad.
The news has seen reactions from both side of the fence, people who argued on engaging NRI's for India's development and those who put forth scorn at the glorification of the spineless and escapist behaviours shown by sections of our society.
Malvika Singh puts forth her views in a recent article on The Telegraph:
Those of us who live here through the never-ending trials, contortions, anarchy, corruption, tribulations and misgovernance have issues and impossible truths to contend with and overcome, based on which we cast our vote. Those who ran with their tails between their legs because they could not make good in a tough and unrelenting environment, who became second-class citizens elsewhere with their spanking new passports swearing allegiance to their new homeland, and who worked hard to make good, are now looking for new pastures in an old landscape that they fled from.
Read the complete tirade here.
http://www.slashindia.org/voting_rights_for_nri_unethical_or_pro_developmentA longstanding demand for voting rights in India by millions of NRIs may finally see the light of the day with a Group of Ministers (GoM) clearing a draft bill on the issue, paving way for its consideration by the Union Cabinet.
Drafted almost fours years back by overseas affairs ministry, the Representation of People's (Amendment) Bill was cleared by a GoM headed by defence minister A K Antony and is likely to be presented soon before the Cabinet.
"The GoM headed by the defence minister cleared the bill. Now, we are all set to present it before the Cabinet and then it will be introduced in the Parliament," overseas Indian affairs minister Vayalar Ravi said.
The GoM clearance came months after Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, while addressing the Pravasi Bhartiya Divas earlier this year here, had said he recognised the "legitimate desire" of Indians living abroad to exercise their franchise and to have a say in the governance of India.
The move to allow NRI participation in the democratic process will further boost the two-way engagement and help them actively participate in India's growth story, Ravi said.
The government had moved the bill in Rajya Sabha in 2006 proposing amendments to the Representation of People's Act to make provision for voting rights to non-resident Indians. The bill was then sent to a parliamentary standing committee and later it was referred to the GoM.
Under the existing law, an NRI's name gets deleted from the voters' list if he/she stays outside the country for more than six months at a stretch.
The proposed amendments will allow an Indian citizen residing abroad to enroll in voter's list and exercise the franchise even if he or she remained away from place of residence in India for more than six months owing to their employment, education or otherwise.
However, the person will be able to exercise the franchise only if he or she is present in the constituency on the polling day.
The GoM that cleared the bill included Ravi, parliamentary affairs minister Pawan Kumar Bansal and law minister M Veerappa Moily.
The Representation of the People (Second Amendment) Bill, 2008
Context and Objectives
The Election Commission of India (ECI) has observed that opinion and exit polls have the potential to influence the electors when they are in the mental process of making up of their minds to vote or not to vote for a certain political party or a candidate. In 1999, the ECIs order to restrict the publication of opinion and exit poll results was overturned by the Supreme Court, which stated that the ECI did not have such authority. In 2004, the ECI proposed similar guidelines and recommended that the Representation of the People Act, 1951 be amended.
The Representation of the People Act, 1950 and the Representation of the People Act, 1951 detail election procedures, rules for candidate selection and conduct, and the allocation of seats for constituencies. The Representation of the People (Second Amendment) Bill, 2008 seeks to amend these two Acts.
The Bill seeks to amend the Representation of the People Act, 1950 and the Representation of the People Act, 1951. The Bill bans conducting exit polls and publishing these results from the time the polls start until all phases of the election are completed. Currently, appeals regarding names on the electoral rolls are submitted to the state chief electoral officer. The Bill allows appeals to be filed with the district magistrate or additional district magistrate.
The Bill reverses the Delimitation Commissions order that reduced the seats reserved for Scheduled Tribes in Mizorams Assembly from 39 to 38.
Bill
The Representation of the People (Second Amendment) Bill, 2008
Related News
Election Commission suggestion or Women''s Bill as it is?
THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE (SECOND AMENDMENT) BILL, 2008
Govt for ban on publishing exit poll results until voting is over
Cabinet approves NRI voting rights!
Posted: Thursday, Feb 16, 2006 at 0000 hrs ISTUpdated: Thursday, Feb 16, 2006 at 0000 hrs IST
New Delhi, Feb 15: Cabinet on Wednesday approved a proposal to enact the Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill, 2006 enabling non-resident Indians to exercise their voting rights.
It also approved the protocol for amending the convention between India and Japan for the avoidance of double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to Taxes on Income.
The amendment bill, which will tabled during the budget session of Parliament, will entitle the eligible citizens of India to cast their votes in Parliamentary and assembly elections if they are in their constituency.
In another decision, Cabinet has approved the proposal of ministry of company affairs for introducing limited amendments in Companies Act. The amendments would enable smooth implementation of the MCA 21, the e-governance project of the ministry.
Some of the major changes envisaged through the proposed amendment Bill are allotment of Director Identification Number (DIN) to any individual, intending to be appointed as director in a company or for any existing director of a company, for the purpose of his identification as such, through electronic mode. It will ensure secure e-filing and authentication of documents consistent with Information Technology Act, 2000 through Digital Signature Certificates.
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/cabinet-approves-nri-voting-rights/98287/NRI voting rights bill report stuck in Law Ministry
PTI, Jul 15, 2009, 05.03pm ISTReplying to a question on the proposed Bill, Overseas Indian Affairs Minister Vayalar Ravi said Law Ministry was "examining the report" of the Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances Law and Justice on the Bill.
The Bill proposing to grant of voting rights to Indian citizens living abroad was introduced in Rajya Sabha in February 2006 and subsequently it was sent to the Standing Committee.
The Standing Committee had presented its report to the Parliament in August 2006.
Ravi said the Bill permits Indian citizens residing outside India to get their names registered in the electoral roll of their respective constituency and cast their votes in the elections in case they are present in their area of residence during elections.
Relying to another question, he said the ministry was in the process of finalising a proposal to replace the existing Emigration Act 1983 with a new law.
Bhopal Gas tragedy: PM asks GoM to meet 'immediately'
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has directed the Group of Ministers on the Bhopal gas tragedy to meet "immediately" and report to the Cabinet within ten days. The GoM has been asked to assess the options and remedies available to the government in the light of the Bhopal court's verdict in the gas tragedy case.Union Health Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad, a member of the GoM, on Monday said the panel can probe under what circumstances the industrial disaster took place and how the punishment for the culprits was reduced.
"It can be probed under which circumstances it happened and under what circumstances he (Warren Anderson former Chairman of the Union Carbide) had to leave. What were the causes and how the punishment was reduced," Azad told reporters on the sidelines of a function here. "Till now the GoM meeting has not been held. So I cannot discuss anything," he added.
The GoM on the gas leak, headed by Union Home Minister P. Chidambaram, has Law Minister M. Veerappa Moily, Chemicals and Fertilisers Minister M.K. Alagiri, Urban Development Minister S. Jaipal Reddy, Science and Technology Minister Prithviraj Chauhan and Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation Minister Kumari Selja as its members.
The minister said when a meeting of the GoM will be held, "we will be briefed by some competent authority which has been associated with this right through. Then we will come to some conclusions and definitely we will brief you".
Asked whether the then Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Arjun Singh should come out with his version on the issue, Azad said, "You can't force anybody to speak the truth."
The GoM was reconstituted last week to go into a range of issues including the relief and rehabilitation of victims and their families.
Nearly 26 years after the disaster left over 15,000 dead, former Union Carbide India Chairman Keshub Mahindra and six others were sentenced to two years imprisonment.
After Union Carbide chief Warren Anderson was allowed to leave the country, the opposition slammed the then Congress governments both at the Centre and the State on the issue.
Senior Congress leader Arjun Singh, who was Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister in 1984, has faced flak from both within Congress as also other parties on the exit of Anderson.
Jat protests end, water supply to be restored
The Jat community that had blocked the supply of water to the national capital from the Upper Ganges Canal in Uttar Pradesh over demands for OBC reservations in Central jobs end its protest on Monday and restored the water supply.The protestors, who lay seize at the water works in Muradnagar near Ghaziabad, will now hold talks with the Government over their demands.
Water supply was curtailed from Sunday evening, when at least 10,000 Jats protested over their demands for OBC reservations in Central jobs.
"The agitating group closed water supply from the Upper Ganga Canal at Abupur from where water comes to Sonia Vihar and Bhagirathi Water Treatment plants in the city, which cater to 40 per cent requirement of total water in Delhi, a government official said.
East Delhi, South Delhi and Central Delhi were the areas affected due to the blockage of the water supply.
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Dalit Nation – The Only Authentic Voice of Dalits
9 Feb 2009 ... Arvind Adiga know that we have a Dalit Chief Minister Mayavathi, ..... Even in houses where Dalit Voice goes, only the men read it and ...
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'Mayawati Is Insecure As A Woman And Dalit' ..... So I believe if I join a party again my voice will be stifled. WRITER'S EMAIL shammy@tehelka.com ...
www.tehelka.com/story_main43.asp?filename=Ne211209mayawati... - CachedUntouchables New Voice Mayawati: 170 million dalits, Untouchables ...
Bahujan Samaj Party - BSP, Mahatma Jotirao Govindrao Pule, Sarvajanik Dharma Pustak Published, Victoria Orphanage Founded, Satya Shodak Samaj Formed, ...
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Church exposed Dalit persecution to whole world–DALIT VOICE … Mayawati : a journey of hope against ... Tags: dalits, give, holdings, land, Mayawati, poor ...
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Make Oriya Voice My Home Page; |; Free Subscribe. News Search : Read Full Story. Memorials are beacon of inspiration for Dalits: Mayawati. Mayawati ...
www.oriyavoice.com/newsDetails.php?newsId=106 - CachedSamatha India :: Dalit heroes :: Mayawati
31 Jul 2008 ... How did Mayawati, a studious, diffident Dalit schoolteacher, the summit of whose ambitions was ... Was it from Mayawati's Dalit think tank? ...
samatha.freeflux.net/blog/dalit-heroes/mayawati/?start=10 - CachedThe Hoot
12 Jun 2009 ... This reached new levels during the Mayawati regime in Lucknow. ... A voice for Dalits in the media was sorely needed, and needed to be ...
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Gearing up for 2012 elections, Maya again remembers Dalits
12 Jun 2010, 0239 hrs IST,ET BureauLUCKNOW: After wooing upper castes for long, BSP chief Mayawati is back to focussing on her core support base of Dalits.
She has begun the exercise by issuing directives to allot 'pattas' (small land holdings) to landless and homeless Dalits in the vast rural expanse of the state.
In a circular issued by the chief minister's office on Friday, Mayawati directed all divisional commissioners and district magistrates to undertake a special drive for allotment of 'pattas' to "eligible persons", which primarily include landless Dalits.
The move is seen as part of her new agenda to gear up her party and government for the 2012 state assembly elections.
"While carrying out 'patta' allotments to the landless poor, you must also look into complaints of fraudulent allotments to ineligible persons, who must dispose of such land latest by the end of this month," the directive said.
"There is an urgent need for regular monitoring of 'pattas'. Strict action needs to be taken against mafias and musclemen, who are found to be in illegal possession of such plots," she stressed.
The chief minister has also urged the officials to personally carry out spot verification of various development and public welfare programmes.
Reviewing the progress of disposal of public complaints, the chief minister directed officers to give priority to the problems of common people and ensure their disposal in a time bound manner.
She emphasised on the need to make the weekly 'Tehsil Day' system more effective so that common people get a fair chance to bring their problems before the district officials.
The chief minister also stressed upon the need for speeding up work related to long pending consolidation of land holdings.
While expediting the verification of beneficiaries under destitute widow pension scheme, she also urged officials to draw up a list of beneficiaries under Mahamaya Gharib Balika Ashirwad Yojana within a month's time.
The chief minister's directives also include emphasis on "improvement of power supply in both rural and urban areas", and "repair of defective hand-pumps and extension of piled drinking water supply in untapped areas".
Besides issuing directions for priority based allotment of land for primary schools in slums, Mayawati has also directed the health department to ensure proper implementation of various health, pre-natal and post-natal immunisation programmes.
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CITIZENSHIP (AMENDMENT) ACT 2005
THE CITIZENSHIP (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2005 NO. 32 OF 2005[24th August, 2005.]
An Act further to amend the Citizenship Act, 1955. BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-sixth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-1. Short title and commencement.-(1) This Act may be called the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2005.
(2) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 28th day of June, 2005.
2. Amendment of section 2.-In section 2 of the Citizenship Act, 1955 (57 of 1955) (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act), in sub-section (1),- (i) for clause (ee), the following clause shall be substituted, namely:- '(ee) "overseas citizen of India" means a person registered as an overseas citizen of India by the Central Government under section 7A;'; (ii) clause (gg) shall be omitted.
3. Amendment of section 5.-In section 5 of the principal Act, in sub-section (1), in clause (g), for the words "two years", the words "one year"shall be substituted.
4. Substitution of new section for section 7A.-For section 7A of the principal Act, the following section shall be substituted, namely:- "7A. Registration of overseas citizens of India.-The Central Government may, subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed, on an application made in this behalf, register as an overseas citizen of India- (a) any person of full age and capacity,- (i) who is citizen of another country, but was a citizen of India at the time of, or at any time after, the commencement of the Constitution; or (ii) who is citizen of another country, but was eligible to become a citizen of India at the time of the commencement of the Constitution; or (iii) who is citizen of another country, but belonged to a territory that became part of India after the 15th day of August, 1947; or (iv) who is a child or a grand-child of such a citizen; or (b) a person, who is a minor child of a person mentioned in clause (a): Provided that no person, who is or had been a citizen of Pakistan, Bangladesh or such other country as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify, shall be eligible for registration as an overseas citizen of India.".
5. Omission of Fourth Schedule.-The Fourth Schedule to the principal Act shall be omitted.
6. Repeal and saving.-(1) The Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance, 2005 (Ord. 2 of 2005) is hereby repealed.
(2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under the principal Act, as amended by the said Ordinance, shall be deemed to have been done or taken under the principal Act, as amended by this Act. ---- T. K VISWANATHAN, Secy. to the Govt. of India. {}
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Mandal and 45,000 others could lose their land and refugee status because of a new identification drive started by the BJP state governments of Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh, ostensibly to weed out illegal Bangladeshi immigrants. An estimated 5 lakh refugees are scattered across 36 villages in the Terai. The local administration maintains that there is an estimated 45,000 illegal-immigrant population here. This is hotly disputed by the locals. "This is not right. We are being confused with illegal migrants. We are refugees and no different from the Sikhs who came here from West Pakistan. Why should we leave?" asks Mandal, adding, "No one ever thought it would come to this."
Last fortnight, Mandal was part of a massive rally which terminated outside the office of the sub-divisional magistrate (SDM) in Rudrapur town to protest against the identification campaign. Those attending the rally were severely critical of political parties, particularly the BJP, for failing to safeguard their interests. Says local leader Chittaranjan Raha: "We will have to take the battle right outside Parliament. If the government does not grant us citizenship, we are completely doomed. Many of us who came more than 30-40 years ago will have a lot of difficulty to produce proof of the date of our entry into India."
Raha blames everything squarely on the ruling parties in the two states. "The BJP sees all Bengalis as Bangladeshis. When the Congress ruled UP, the government launched a major initiative to fill up citizenship forms. But today, the same forms are heaped in a corner of the SDM's office and peons often use them to light comfortable bonfires."
Locals agree. Even the district administration record admits that though there is a sprinkling of illegal immmigrants in the region, the majority are Hindu refugees who crossed over to India in the late '40s, early '50s and after the 1971 war which led to the formation of Bangladesh. Many are second-generation migrants—more Indian than Bangladeshi.
But what prompted the two states to begin this drive against illegal immigrants? The official line is that it was initiated following a directive from the Union home ministry demanding a detailed list of illegal immigrants to facilitate preparation of the new electoral rolls. Another story doing the rounds is that the home ministry—piqued at the continued harassment of Hindus in neighbouring Bangladesh (especially after Khaleda Zia's Bangladesh Nationalist Party swept the polls)— wanted immediate identification of all illegal Bangladeshi immigrants in the country.
It was Uttar Pradesh chief minister Rajnath Singh who kicked off the campaign by issuing a notice in all Lucknow-based dailies, saying a detailed investigation had been ordered to ascertain the number of illegal immigrants in the state, especially those living on the Uttaranchal border. This was followed by a notice issued by the Uttaranchal government which stated that all Bangladeshi refugees who came to the state after 1971 would be declared illegal immigrants and deported.
Officials in the local administration admit that a large section of the refugees did submit all documents and papers asked for when the previous Congress government launched a citizenship drive. But that happened more than a decade ago. Since no citizenship cards were issued, the majority of the refugees hold cards issued by the former Uttar Pradesh government, identifying them as refugees who came from Bangladesh after the Partition and the 1971 war. Others have papers which show their original locations in Orissa (Malkangiri/Koraput) or Madhya Pradesh (Manha near Raipur, which is now in Chhattisgarh). All this only consolidates the evidence that they are refugees and not illegal immigrants.
But what are the criteria to determine the status of these refugees? The only document which most of the refugees have—after more than four decades in India—is a small scrap of paper that simply identifies the person and mentions the duration of stay (either three or four decades) in India. But surprisingly, despite acknowledging their extended stay which would qualify them for citizenship, the paper has this crucial line: "Yeh Bharat ke nagarik nahin hain (He/she is not a citizen of India)." All those with this identification paper are now being categorised as illegal immigrants.
But why is a predominantly Hindu refugee population being targeted by two BJP governments? One reason could be that those in the hills have been pressurising their governments to oust the refugees so that they could take control of the fertile Terai land. Another factor weighing against the refugees is that they have been traditional Congress supporters.
Says Dr Sunil Kumar Haldar, who has studied migration trends across the country: "This is a volatile situation in Terai, similar to Assam. Once a significant section of these people are uprooted, they will land in West Bengal because that seems to be the only alternative. The Left Front government may initially agree to accommodate them but later its own police would ensure a second dislodging—as was the case with Bengali refugees from Assam settled in the Sunderbans in the '80s."
Dr Haldar, the only Bengali to have fought an election from the region (his 55,759 votes making him the second highest loser in the state), confirms a larger political conspiracy against the Bengalis of the region. According to him, they, along with the Sikhs, developed the region as the most sought-after agricultural base in Uttaranchal. The Terai region has as many as 370 rice mills and contributes nearly 15 per cent to India's total rice production of 130.5 million metric tons. The region, populated mostly by descendants of immigrants from erstwhile West and East Pakistan, ranks as the most prosperous agricultural base in the state.
Says Dr Haldar: "We have no trouble with the Sikhs but there are constant tensions between us and those from the hills. The only answer to the current crisis is a collective response. We need many more rallies so that our voices are heard."
Despite the protests, state government officials in Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh remain unperturbed. They say they have been given a task and they will execute it. Says an official at the SDM's office in Rudrapur: "It is for the two state governments to decide whether they want to issue citizenship certificates to the refugees and grant them SC/ST status. If that does not happen, the process could be painful for many of them. But we can't help it."
By all reckoning, the refugee issue, if not resolved, could snowball into a crisis. West Bengal's Left Front government has already taken up the issue with the state governments of UP and Uttaranchal.It has also announced its decision to send a fact-finding mission to Rudrapur in mid-December. That apart, the refugees have also managed to rope in former Uttar Pradesh chief minister Narayan Dutt Tiwari to champion their cause in New Delhi. Tiwari, who has already raised the issue twice in the ongoing winter session of Parliament, is expected to meet Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee to apprise him of the situation.
But the main anxiety of the refugees of Rudrapur is that one lone voice may not be enough. As of now, the region has thrown up no leaders who can take up their cause. With elections in UP and Uttaranchal just three months away, many of the refugees who have voted Congress in the past fear they may find themselves rendered homeless.
http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?213991
MP govt demands urgent meeting of GoM on Bhopal gas tragedyHindustan Times - 56 minutes ago PTI The Madhya Pradesh Government on Monday demanded an urgent meeting of the Group of Ministers (GoM), headed by Union Home Minister P Chidambaram, on the Bhopal gas tragedy. The ruling BJP in the state also sought reconstitution of the Bhopal ... Bhopal gas victims activists approach Obama for 'justice'Sify - 29 minutes ago Survivors of the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy, the world's worst industrial disaster, and human rights activists Monday appealed to US President Barack Obama for 'real justice' in the case and drew his attention to his tough stand on 'corporate ... Hope GoM on Bhopal will go into all issues: CongressSify - 1 hour ago The Congress said Monday it hoped the Group of Ministers (GoM) on the Bhopal gas leak case would look at the legal provisions to enhance the punishment of those responsible for such disasters. 'I am not in a position to speak about the mandate of the ... Dishonesty, fraud, breach of Trust Now the almost-forgotten Bhopal gas tragedy is back in the headlines. For most readers, it is history recalled. But, for the Bhopal survivors, it is tragedy relived. A brief recount of the killer gas explosion first. The tragedy struck at the sleeping ... Human rights activists from India write to Obama The Hindu Javed Akhtar was one of the activists to have signed the letter that asked President Barack Obama to show the same sensitivity and resolve towards Bhopal as he did towards the Gulf of Mexico. File photo: R. Ragu Human rights activists from ... 'Who needs to be blamed for gas tragedy?'Central Chronicle - 1 hour ago By our Staff Reporter The Bhopal gas victims want to know who needs to be blamed if governments selectively shield their corporations and officials from legal accountability. This was stated in a letter sent to United States President Barack Obama with ... Warren Anderson getaway: The Delhi stopoverNDTV.com - 6 hours ago A crucial point of the controversy over the Bhopal Gas Tragedy verdict has been the exit route offered to Warren Anderson, who was the American CEO of Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) in 1984 when a gas leak from the company's plant choked Bhopal. ... Red HerringTimes of India - 59 minutes ago It's a pity that so much discussion has centred on former Union Carbide chairman Warren Anderson and how he managed to give India the slip. The latest to step in is finance minister Pranab Mukherjee who has clarified that then Madhya Pradesh chief ... Dow to NDTV on no Bhopal liabilityNDTV.com - 12 hours ago As the blame game continues over the Bhopal gas tragedy verdict, the main question that arises is: Who is responsible for cleaning up the Bhopal gas disaster site? (Read: Who will clean up Bhopal mess?) Activists campaigning for the victims say the ... Bhopal victims ask Obama to extradite AndersonIBNLive.com - 14 hours ago New Delhi: The fallout of the Bhopal verdict is now set to hit the White House as the victims of the gas leak tragedy have written to US President Barack Obama asking him to extradite former Union Carbide Corp CEO Warren Anderson to India to face ... | Timeline of articles Number of sources covering this story
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www.outlookindia.com | Coming Home To Banishment
Governments demonise Bengali refugees as illegal immigrants ... This was followed by a notice issued by the Uttaranchal government which stated that all ...
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Mayawati lauds her 3 years of rule in UP
Lucknow: Not more than one percent of the state's budget has been spent on memorials to Dalit icons, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mayawati on Thursday said, extolling three years of her Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) government as an environment free of terror, crime, injustice and corruption.
The opposition parties, however, flayed her governance. The Congress, the Samajwadi Party (SP) or the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) were all of the view that the three years of Mayawati regime have pushed the state backwards.
Besides plunder of the state exchequer for fulfilling her personal whims and fancies, they charged her with failing to do anything positive for the development of the state or the wellbeing of its people.
Addressing a press conference to mark three years of the BSP rule in the state, Mayawati staunchly defended the construction of memorials and statues to herself and Dalit icons.
"Yes, I have built memorials and statues to commemorate the rich contribution of such personalities who had done yeoman social service and reforms, but their work never received due recognition in successive Congress governments or the other regimes," she said.
Justifying the allocation of more than Rs 6,000 crore towards these memorials, she asserted: "Whatever I have spent each year towards commemoration of these icons was not more than one percent of the state's annual budget."
"What my government has achieved over a period of three years, since we rode on to power entirely on our own strength, cannot be matched by any other political party that has ever remained in power in the state."
Claiming there was "utter jungle raj" when the BSP assumed office in May 2007, she said: "And I am proud of the fact that in three years, I have been able to create a terror-free, fear-free, crime-free, injustice-free and corruption-free environment by putting the law of the land back on the rails."
In her view, her government "could have done wonders" had the central government extended cooperation in adequately sharing the cost of various development programmes. She accused it of depriving the state of Rs.17,000 crore, "the state's legitimate share towards various schemes already carried out over the past three years".
Focusing on the Congress-led government's "conspiracy" against her regime, Mayawati recalled how New Delhi had not paid any attention to her repeated demand for a special economic package of Rs 80,000 crore for the uplift of Bundelkhand and Purvanchal.
Unlike in the past, Mayawati did not hold a big bash on her government's anniversary. But senior bureaucrats, police officials and the media were treated to a sumptuous lunch.
Samajwadi Party chief Mulayam Singh Yadav issued a six-page statement condemning Mayawati in general and criticising her government on each and every count.
Dismissing her proclamations about improving law and order in the state, Mulayam termed her claims "false and baseless as several criminals were holding key positions as ministers in her government."
"How could her claim about creating a terror-free environment be true, when she was herself allegedly involved in extortion and she had herself given legitimacy to various criminal and mafia activities?" he asked.
Congress spokesman Subodh Srivastava flayed the Mayawati government for demolishing all democratic norms and values and for institutionalising corruption.
"The crime situation could not be worse than it was prevailing under the Mayawati regime, where those directly engaged in arson and vandalism at the state Congress chief Rita Bahuguna Joshi's residence were rewarded with positions in the rank of ministers."
Referring to the Mayawati government by elephant symbol, state BJP spokesman Hriday Narain Dixit said: "The elephant has trampled the aspirations of the people. While farmers have been crushed, the youth have been oppressed and traders brow-beaten."
"Mayawati was responsible for crushing all democratic institutions, for which she displayed very little respect," he added.
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Crimes against Dalits in Uttar Pradesh persist, despite Mayawati's ...
1 post - 1 author - Last post: 27 Jan 2009Lucknow, Jan 27 (IANS) Crime against Dalits is on the rise in Uttar Pradesh despite a Dalit chief minister at its.
www.thaindian.com/.../crimes-against-dalits-in-uttar-pradesh-persist-despite-mayawatis-rule_100147503.html - United States - Cached - SimilarAnti-Dalit crimes on rise in Uttar Pradesh, or simply more FIRs? - 17 Jul 2009
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A coalition birthed in 1998 to protect and serve the Christian Community, Minorities, and the Oppressed Castes.
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Indian nationality law
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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According to Indian citizenship and nationality law: The Constitution of India provides for a single citizenship for the entire country. The provisions relating to citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution are contained in Articles 5 to 11 in Part II of the Constitution of India. Relevant Indian legislation is the Citizenship Act 1955, which has been amended by the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 1986, the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 1992, the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2003, and the Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance 2005. The Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2003 received the assent of the President of India on 7 January 2004 and came into force on 3 December 2004. The Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance 2005 was promulgated by the President of India and came into force on 28 June 2005.
Following these reforms, Indian nationality law largely follows the jus sanguinis (citizenship by right of blood) as opposed to the jus soli (citizenship by right of birth within the territory).
Contents[hide]
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[edit] The Law
[edit] Citizenship by Birth
Any person born in India on or after 26 January 1950 but prior to the commencement of the 1986 Act on 1 July 1987 was a citizen of India by birth. A person born in India on or after 1 July 1987 was a citizen of India if either parent was a citizen of India at the time of the birth. Those born in India on or after 3 December 2004 are considered citizens of India only if both of their parents are citizens of India or if one parent is a citizen of India and the other is not an illegal migrant at the time of their birth.
[edit] Citizenship by Descent
Persons born outside India on or after 26 January 1950 but before 10 December 1992 are citizens of India by descent if their father was a citizen of India at the time of their birth.
Person born outside India on or after 10 December 1992 are considered as citizens of India if either of their parents is a citizen of India at the time of their birth.
From 3 December 2004 onwards, persons born outside of India shall not be considered citizens of India unless their birth is registered at an Indian consulate within one year of the date of birth. In certain circumstances it is possible to register after 1 year with the permission of the Central Government. The application for registration of the birth of a minor child must be made to an Indian consulate and must be accompanied by an undertaking in writing from the parents of such minor child that he or she does not hold the passport of another country. In simple words we can say.a person born outside India on or after 26th jan 1950 shall be a citizen of India by decent he either his parents is a citizen of India at the time of person 's birth (Kalbi)
[edit] Citizenship by Registration
The Central Government may, on an application, register as a citizen of India under section 5 of the Citizenship Act 1955 any person (not being an illegal migrant) if he belongs to any of the following categories:-------
- a person of Indian origin who is ordinarily resident in India for seven years before making an application for registration;
- a person of Indian origin who is ordinarily resident in any country or place outside undivided India;
- a person who is married to a citizen of India and is ordinarily resident in India for seven years before making an application for registration;
- minor children of persons who are citizens of India;
- a person of full age and capacity whose parents are registered as citizens of India by ordinary residence in India for seven years;
- a person of full age and capacity who, or either of his parents, was earlier citizen of independent India, and has been residing in India for one year immediately before making an application for registration;
- a person of full age and capacity who has been registered as an overseas citizen of India for five years, and who has been residing in India for one year before making an application for registration.
.person of full age and capacity who are citizen of common wealth country or republic of Ireland.(Kalbi)
[edit] Citizenship by Naturalization
Citizenship of India by naturalization can be acquired by a foreigner who has resided in India for twelve years. The applicant must have lived a total of 11 years in India in a period of 14 years, and must have spent in India the past 12 months preceding the application.
[edit] Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution of India**
Persons domiciled in the territory of India as on 26 November 1949 automatically became Indian citizens by virtue of operation of the relevant provisions of the Indian Constitution coming into force (the majority of the constitutional provisions came into force on 26 January 1950). The Constitution of India also made provisions regarding citizenship for migrants from territories of Pakistan, which were earlier parts of India before the partition.
[edit] Renunciation of Indian citizenship
Renunciation is covered in Section 8 of the Citizenship Act 1955. If an adult makes a declaration of renunciation of Indian citizenship, he loses Indian citizenship. In addition any minor child of that person also loses Indian citizenship from the date of renunciation. When the child reaches the age of eighteen, he has the right to resume Indian citizenship. The provisions for making a declaration of renunciation under Indian citizenship law require that the person making the declaration be "of full age and capacity."
[edit] Automatic Termination of Indian citizenship
Termination is covered in Section 9 of the Citizenship Act, 1955. The provisions for termination are separate and distinct from the provisions for making a declaration of renunciation.
Section 9(1) of the act provides that any citizen of India who by naturalisation or registration acquires the citizenship of another country shall cease to be a citizen of India. It also provides that any citizen of India who voluntarily acquires the citizenship of another country shall cease to be a citizen of India. Notably, the termination provision differs from the renunciation provision because it applies to "any citizen of India" and is not restricted to adults. Indian children therefore also automatically lose their claim to Indian citizenship if at any time after birth they acquire a citizenship of another country by, for example, naturalisation or registration — even if the acquisition of another citizenship was done as a result of actions by the child's parents.
The acquisition of another country's passport is also deemed under the Citizenship Rules, 1956 to be voluntary acquisition of another country's nationality. Rule 3 of Schedule III of the Citizenship Rules, 1956 states that "the fact that a citizen of India has obtained on any date a passport from the Government of any other country shall be conclusive proof of his having voluntarily acquired the citizenship of that country before that date". Again, this rule applies even if the foreign passport was obtained for the child by his or her parents, and even if possession of such a passport is required by the laws of a foreign country which considers the child to be one of its citizens (e.g., a U.S.-born child of Indian parents who is automatically deemed to be a U.S. citizen according to U.S. law, and who is therefore required by U.S. law to have a U.S. passport in order to travel abroad). It does not matter that a person continues to hold an Indian passport. Persons who acquire another citizenship lose Indian citizenship from the date on which they acquire that citizenship or another country's passport. The prevailing practice at a number of British diplomatic posts, for example, is to impound and return to the Indian authorities the Indian passports of those applicants who apply for and are granted British passports.
Special rules exist for Indian citizens with a connection to Goa, Daman and Diu. Rule 3A of Schedule III of the Citizenship Rules, 1956 states that "Where a person, who has become an Indian Citizen by virtue of the Goa, Daman and Diu (Citizenship) Order, 1962, or the Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Citizenship) Order 1962, issued under section 7 of the Citizenship Act, 1955 (57 of 1955) holds a passport issued by the Government of any other country, the fact that he has not surrendered the said passport on or before the 19 January 1963 shall be conclusive proof of his having voluntarily acquired the citizenship of that country before that date.
On 16 February 1962, a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court of India held in the case of Izhar Ahmad Khan Vs. Union of India that "If it is shown that the person has acquired foreign citizenship either by naturalisation or registration, there can be no doubt that he ceases to be a citizen of India in consequence of such naturalisation or registration."
[edit] Overseas Citizenship of India
There now exists a provision for a new form of Indian nationality, the holders of which are to be known as Overseas Citizens of India[1]. The Constitution of India permits dual citizenship or dual nationality, especially for minors where the second nationality was involuntarily acquired. Indian authorities have interpreted the law to mean a person can't have a second country's passport simultaneously with an Indian one — even in the case of a child who is claimed by another country as a citizen of that country, and who may be required by the laws of the other country to use one of its passports for foreign travel (e.g., a child born in the United States to Indian parents) — and the Indian courts have given the executive branch wide discretion over this matter. Therefore, Overseas Citizenship of India is a full citizenship of India and thus, does amount to dual citizenship/dual nationality.
The Central Indian Government, on application,may register any person as an Overseas Citizen of India if that Person is of Indian Origin and is from a country which allows dual citizenship in some form or the other. Broadly speaking, a "Person of Indian Origin" is a citizen of another country who:
- was a citizen of India on 26 January 1950 or at any time thereafter; or
- was eligible to become a citizen of India on 26 January 1950; or
- belonged to a territory that became part of India after the 15th day of August, 1947; or
- is the child or grandchild of a person described above; and
- has never been a citizen of Pakistan or Bangladesh.
Note that children of Indian parents do not automatically fulfill these requirements, and are therefore not automatically eligible for OCI.
Indian Missions are authorized to grant applications for Overseas citizenship of India within 30 days to cases where there is no involvement in serious offences like drug trafficking, moral turpitude, terrorist activities or anything leading to imprisonment of more than a year.
The introduction of Overseas Indian Citizenship does not entitle people who have acquired, or are planning to acquire, foreign nationality or to retain their Indian passports. The law continues to require that Indian citizens who take foreign nationality must immediately surrender their Indian passports. Those who are eligible can then apply for registration as Overseas Indian Citizens.
There is no plan to issue Indian passports to Overseas Citizens of India, although the registration certificate will be in the form of a passport-like booklet (similar to the #Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) Card mentioned below). The Cabinet has also directed the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs to work on a proposal to give biometric smart cards to registered Overseas Citizens of India.
An Overseas Citizen of India will enjoy all rights and privileges available to Non-Resident Indians on a parity basis excluding the right to invest in agriculture and plantation properties or hold public office[2]. The person has to carry his existing foreign passport which should include the new visa called 'U' visa which is a multi-purpose, multiple-entry, life-long visa. It will entitle the Overseas Citizen of India to visit the country at any time for any length of time and for any purpose.
An Overseas Citizen of India will not enjoy the following rights even if resident in India: (i) the right to vote, (ii) the right to hold the offices of President, Vice-President, Judge of Supreme Court and High Court, Member of Lok sabha, Rajya Sabha, Legislative Assembly or Council, (iii) appointment to Public Services (Government Service). Also Overseas Citizens of India are not eligible for an inner line permit, they have to apply for a Protected area permit if they want to visit certain areas in India.
An interesting question is whether a person registered as an Overseas Citizen of India will lose the right of diplomatic protection by their home country while in India. Article 4 of the Hague Convention on Certain Questions relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws of 1930 provides that "a State may not afford diplomatic protection to one of its nationals against a state whose nationality such person also possesses". The case depends on two things: first, does the Indian government itself recognize Overseas Citizenship of India as a true citizenship and on that basis refuse the right of diplomatic protection by the other country; and second, does the person's home country recognize it and accept India's refusal. Both points are doubtful. India does not give Overseas Citizens an independent travel document but instead puts a visa in the other country's passport. If a person is eligible to have only another country's passport but not any form of Indian travel document, it is hard to avoid the conclusion that the person is a sole citizen of the other country for the purposes of diplomatic protection.
Acquiring Overseas citizenship of India prevents British nationals from registering as full British citizens under Section 4B of the British Nationality Act of 1981 (which requires that nationals have no other citizenship in order to register.) It does not prevent them from acquiring full British citizenship by a different method and it does not revoke their British citizenship if they have already registered under Section 4B. [2][3]
The Government of India's Public Information Bureau issued a press release which explains the Scheme for Overseas citizenship of India on 29 June 2005.
Full details of the OCI scheme can be found on the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs Web Page: (external link) http://mha.nic.in/uniquepage.asp?Id_Pk=553
A number of other articles have been written including:
- Fool's Gold published December 2004 in Little India
- Dual Citizenship or Dupli City? by Narayanan Komerath, published 28 January 2005
- Read the Small Print on Indian Overseas Citizenship Offer, Warns British Immigration NGO by Joint Council for Welfare of Immigrants, released 10 August 2005
- Overseas citizenship of India/Dual Nationality - US Embassy, New Delhi
- Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI); Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
The OCI card is not a substitute for an Indian visa and therefore, the passport which displays the lifetime visa must be carried by OCI holders while traveling to India.[3]
Though not a full fledged a Dual citizenship[4], the privileges afforded by acquiring an OCI card is that now Multinational companies are finding it simpler to hire the OCI cardholders, who enjoy a multiple entry, multipurpose life long visa to visit India. The card provides a lifelong visa to the holder, sparing them the need to obtain separate work permits. OCI holders are treated on par with NRIs for economic, financial and educational matters and only don't have political rights and rights to buy agricultural and plantation properties or hold public office[5]. They are also exempt from registration with the Foreigners Regional Registration Officer (FRRO) on their arrival in the country and can stay or live for as long as they wish. OCI cardholders can travel at very short notice and take up assignments in India, while others could get caught up in bureaucratic delays over their employment visa. Many companies are following an active policy of moving PIOs to India for business expansion. Indian missions overseas are witnessing a deluge in OCI applications, the number of OCI cards issued by consulates around the world have been steadily rising with several Indian consulates grappling with a huge backlog of applications[6].
[edit] Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) Card
Any person currently holding a non-Indian passport, who can prove their Indian origin up to three generations before (or if the spouse of a citizen of India or person of Indian origin), is eligible for a Persons of Indian Origin Card. Citizens of Pakistan, Bangladesh and other countries as may be specified by the Central Government are not eligible for grant of Persons of Indian Origin Card.
PIO cards give the holder the following benefits: (a) visa-free entry into India for fifteen years, (b) exemption from registration at a Foreigners' Regional Registration Office if the period of stay in India does not exceed 180 days (for stay of more than 180 days, the PIO card holder needs to register at a FRRO office), and (c) PIO card holders enjoy parity with Non-Resident Indians in economic, financial and educational fields.
A PIO Card is generally valid for a period of fifteen years from the date of issue.
PIO holders can acquire, hold, transfer or dispose of immovable properties in India (except agricultural/ plantation properties), open rupee bank accounts in India, lend in rupees to Indian residents, make investments in India etc.
PIO holders' children can obtain admission in educational institutions in India in the general category quota for Non-Resident Indians, including Medical, Engineering colleges, IITs & IIMs.
PIO holders are eligible for various Housing schemes under Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) or Central/State Governments.
Possession of a PIO card will not entitle the holder to: (a) be eligible for the exercise of any political rights, (b) visit restricted/protected areas without permission, and (c) undertake mountaineering, research and missionary work without permission.
[edit] British nationality and India
| British & Commonwealth citizenship | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| Commonwealth nationality laws | ||
| British (history) | ||
| Classes of citizens and subjects | ||
| British citizen | ||
| Rights and visas | ||
| Right of abode | ||
| Acts | ||
| Ireland Act 1949 | ||
Prior to 1 January 1949, Indians were British subjects under United Kingdom law. See British nationality law. Between 1 January 1949 and 25 January 1950, Indians remained British subjects without citizenship unless they had already acquired citizenship of the UK & Colonies or another Commonwealth country.
On commencement of the Indian Constitution on 26 January 1950, under British Nationality law a person who became an Indian citizen also had the status of Commonwealth citizen (also known as a British subject with Commonwealth citizenship, a status which does not entitle the person to use a British passport) by virtue of their Indian citizenship and India's membership of the Commonwealth. However, a number of Indians did not acquire Indian citizenship on commencement of the Indian Constitution and retained British subject without citizenship status (which entitles a person to a British passport) unless they had acquired citizenship of another Commonwealth country. Any person who is solely a British subject (otherwise than by connection with the Republic of Ireland) will automatically lose British subject status on acquiring any other nationality or citizenship including Indian citizenship or Indian Overseas citizenship.
British subjects may register as British citizens under section 4B of the British Nationality Act 1981 without requiring any UK residence if they have no other citizenship or nationality and have not after 4 July 2002 renounced, voluntarily relinquished or lost through action or inaction any citizenship or nationality. This facility has been available since 30 April 2003. Those who have immigrated to the UK may have additional options for acquiring British citizenship, which are usually preferred because they give transmissible British citizenship with otherwise than by descent status.
From 1949 the meaning of the term British subject was substantially different from what had previously been the case and meant little more than a term to describe someone holding the citizenship of a Commonwealth country. Only a British subject without citizenship was entitled to a British passport. See British subject.
[edit] Application Procedure for OCI
Currently each embassy have their own set of standards and rules without realizing that it is handled at New Delhi so the procedure has to be same.
[edit] Lack of Standard Procedure
There has been a lack of clarity in the application procedure for OCI. There is no defined published time when the application will be approved or to know the exact position of the application.
[edit] See also
- French nationality law, which entitles children born to a parent who was born in one of its overseas dependencies or—in limited circumstances—in one of its ex-colonies, to French citizenship
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Life in 
[edit] References
- ^ Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI); Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India website, Diaspora Services: Overseas Citizenship of India Scheme; The Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA), Government of India website
- ^ What is the basic difference between an NRI/PIO/PIO Card Holder and an OCI? Overseas Indian Facilitation Centre, a not for profit public private initiative of Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA) and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), was launched on 28th May 2007; Official Government of India portal
- ^ [1]
- ^ OCI just a recognition of Indian roots: Vayalar; by Rema Nagarajan, TNN; 29 September 2006; The Times of India
- ^ What is the basic difference between an NRI/PIO/PIO Card Holder and an OCI? Overseas Indian Facilitation Centre, a not for profit public private initiative of Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA) and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), was launched on 28th May 2007; Official Government of India portal
- ^ OCI cardholders are hot for Indian assignments; 15 Nov 2009, Ishani Duttagupta, ET Bureau; The Economic Times; India, Growing demand among NRIs to become overseas citizens of India; 24 Mar 2009, IANS; The Economic Times, India
[edit] External links
- Extracts from the Citizenship Act 1955 - Indian Ministry of Home Affairs
- Constitutional provisions - Indian Citizenship
- India Visa Information
- Pdf versions of the Citizenship Act 1955 and Citizenship Rules 1956
- OCI Card
- South China Morning Post of 25 September 2006, highlighting the plight of Indian ethnic minority BN(O)s in Limbo in Hong Kong
- South China Morning Post of 23 October 2006, criticising failure to properly process British citizenship applications of Indian-origin ethnic minority British nationals in Hong Kong
- Dual Citizenship - Benefits and Privileges
- Dual Nationality - US Embassy, New Delhi
[edit] External links
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The Overseas citizenship of India (OCI)
It is possible for someone to be considered a citizen under the laws of two or more countries at the same time. This is known as dual citizenship. The Indian Parliament passed a Bill to grant dual citizenship to the people of Indian origin on December 22, 2003. The Bill received the President's approval on January 7, 2004, and became operational from 2nd December 2005. The Bill will help grant dual citizenship to Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) belonging to, or having citizenship of other countries subject to certain conditions. The grant of dual citizenship was intended to remove for those who have taken foreign passports, the obstacle in travel to and from India, permit investment in business ventures and foster a greater sense of belonging.
The Overseas citizenship of India (OCI) is granted to persons who migrated from India and acquired citizenship of a foreign country other than Pakistan and Bangladesh. They are eligible for grant of OCI as long as their home countries allow dual citizenship in some form or the other under their local laws. However persons registered as OCI shall not have any voting rights and rights for public employment.
Every registered OCI will be issued a registration certificate which is printed like an Indian passport in different colour and an OCI visa sticker will be pasted in the person's foreign passport. These two documents will have the photograph of the individual and all necessary security features.
Eligibility
| |
Benefits
Once you are accepted and registered as an Indian citizen, you will receive the following benefits:
-
A registration certificate to prove your dual status
-
Overseas citizen passport in addition to the passport of the country of which you are already a citizen
-
You will no longer need to apply for a visa to travel to India. You have rights for multiple entry and a multipurpose life long visa to visit India. However, you must carry and present both passports at the time of travel.
-
You will not have to go through any registration formalities for staying in the country for any length of time.
-
You will no longer have to provide separate documentation for admission to any college/institution or for employment.
-
You will be treated the same as a non-resident Indian with respect to the facilities available to the latter in the economic, financial and educational field, except in the acquisition of agricultural or plantation properties.
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Your children will be eligible for facilities as available to children of NRIs for obtaining admission to educational institutions in India, including medical colleges, engineering colleges, institute of technology, institute of management etc. under the general category
-
You can make the most of facilities under the various housing schemes of LIC, State Government and other government agencies
Application Procedure
The application of registration for Overseas Citizenship of India can be made in the prescribed form in India or the Indian Missions abroad. All application will be processed in India. This Registration Certificate once received is valid for life unless renounced or cancelled.
The registration form should be completed and submitted in triplicate by the applicant himself;
i) In India
To the Collector within whose jurisdiction the applicant is ordinary resident for transmission to the Central Government through the State Government or Union Territory Administration, as the case may be.
ii) Elsewhere
To the Indian Consulate/Embassy whose jurisdiction the country of which an applicant is a citizen for this for transmission to the Central Government.
Applications for grant of OCI will be received by all Indian Missions/Posts outside India and by FRROs/CHIO and OCI Cell in Foreigners Division of MHA (Ministry of Home Affairs) in India. An eligible person may apply in the Indian Mission/Post of the country of his/her nationality or in the Indian Mission/Post of any other country if he/she is ordinarily residing in that country. He/she will have to submit proof for his/her parents/grand parents having migrated from India after 26 th January, 1950 or having been eligible to be granted Indian citizenship on that date or having been resident of such territories like Goa, Pondicherry, Sikkim.
Application Fees
For applications to be filed in India, an amount of Rs. 12,650 has to be paid for each applicant by Demand Draft in favour of "Pay and Accounts Officer (Secretariat), Ministry of Home Affairs" payable at New Delhi. In case of PIO Card holders, an amount of Rs. 1,150 has to be paid. In case of applications to be filed outside India, the amount of fee has to be paid in local currency.
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www.youtube.comWho's afraid of Mayawati?
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www.youtube.comKumari Mayawati Ji: BSP, UP Chief Minister Bahan Kumari Mayawati ...
Bahujan Samaj Party - BSP, Mayawati Ji, Utter pradesh chief minister, BSP president bahan kumari mayawati.
bspindia.org/kumari-mayawati.php - Cached - SimilarBiodata
Mayawati , Miss [Bahujan Samaj Party -Uttar Pradesh ], Photo. Father's Name : Shri Prabhu Das ... E-mail : mayawati@sansad.nic.in. Positions Held : ...
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15 Mar 2010 ... Bahujan Samaj Party president Mayawati [ Images ] had the most ... Image: Mayawati with the garland at the function in Lucknow [ Images ]. ...
news.rediff.com/report/2010/.../mayawati-get-five-crore-garland.htm - CachedDefiant Mayawati felicitated with another cash garland - India ...
17 Mar 2010 ... Just two days after being felicitated with a 'multi-crore' garland at a rally, UP chief minister Mayawati was today welcomed by BSP MLAs ...
timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5693422.cms - CachedMayawati garland worth Rs 5 crore, say I-T sleuths - India - The ...
19 Mar 2010 ... While the BSP insists that the garland of Rs 1000 notes gifted to the Uttar Pradesh CM during the party's 25th founding day celebrations was ...
timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mayawati...I.../5699616.cms - CachedMayawati's garlands strike a chord with some
17 Mar 2010 ... In Delhi, leaders of different parties may be using her multi-lakh garland to attack her, but in the Uttar Pradesh heartland, ...
www.ndtv.com/.../mayawatis-garlands-strike-a-chord-with-some-17945.php - CachedMayawati India's anti-Obama, says <i>Newsweek</i>: | Lok Sabha ...
22 Apr 2009 ... Mayawati India's anti-Obama, says Newsweek | Indian Lok Sabha Election news 2009 - Get elections news and election results of Indian General ...
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Ghaziabad district magistrate transferredSify - 11 minutes ago Ghaziabad District Magistrate R. Ramesh Kumar was Monday transferred from his post, a day after agitating Jats cut off water supply to Delhi from the Upper ... Water supply from Ganga canal restoredThe Hindu - 26 minutes ago PTI Police personnel guarding the head regulator of the water supply to Delhi after Jat protesters suspended their strike demanding reservation in ... CM supports Jats' OBC demandHindustan Times - 39 minutes ago Chief Minister Mayawati on Monday extended support to the demand of Jat community for their inclusion in the list of OBC at the national level. ... Delhi's water crisis ends, Jats call off protestHindustan Times - 5 hours ago The water crisis that had gripped New Delhi ended on Monday after Jats in Uttar Pradesh demanding job quotas called off a protest during which they cut off ... water crisis in New DelhiOneindia - 5 hours ago New Delhi, Jun 14: Jat leaders demanding reservation in government jobs stopped the water supply from the Upper Ganga canal in Uttar Pradesh leading to a ... Water crisis in Delhi after Jat protestsSify - 8 hours ago Parts of the Indian capital were hit hard by a water crisis after Jats in Uttar Pradesh cut water supply to Delhi seeking job quotas and reservation in ... Delhi water supply restored after Jat protests endNDTV.com - 8 hours ago On a searing Monday, Delhi was prepared for the worst. Water tankers were on stand-by as protestors warned that for the second day in a row, they would cut ... Jat protestors resume water supply to DelhiIBNLive.com - 8 hours ago New Delhi: The water crisis which had hit parts of Delhi was resolved on Monday after the Jats, who had cut water supply to the capital, called off their ... Khap cuts off 25% of city's waterHindustan Times - 19 hours ago Nearly one-fourth of Delhi's water supply was curtailed from Sunday evening when at least 10000 Jat protestors demanding the OBC reservations in Central ... Protesting Jats turn off the taps to DelhiIndian Express - 19 hours ago Thousands of protesters from the Jat community blocked the Upper Ganga Canal at Murad Nagar near Ghaziabad on Sunday evening, cutting off water supply to ... | Timeline of articles Number of sources covering this story
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Party-free, party-lessIndian Express - Jun 11, 2010 Opposition unity is at most times elusive in Uttar Pradesh, but diverse political parties are united in their protest against a move to disallow political ... Early election fear forces Oppn to gear upHindustan Times - Jun 11, 2010 Even though the big election battle is almost two years away, it is not only the ruling BSP but the rivals have also pulled up socks well in advance in the ... Sack Mayawati for urban bodies' indirect poll move: CongressSify - Jun 11, 2010 Accusing Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mayawati of demolishing statutory bodies in the state, the state Congress Friday sought the dismissal of the Bahujan ... Shahi rules out BJP-BSP governance in stateIndian Express - Jun 10, 2010 State BJP president Surya Pratap Shahi said his party will never join hands with the BSP and make the latter's misrule an issue in the upcoming state ... BSP suspends protest against price riseThe Hindu - Jun 10, 2010 LUCKNOW: Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) leader and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mayawati directed party workers on Thursday to suspend the agitation against the ... Maya disbands BSP's district unitsHindustan Times - Jun 10, 2010 In order to reorganize the party organization before assembly elections, the Chief Minister Mayawati today disbanded city and district BSP units and ... Mayawati dissolves all BSP district, city unitsSify - Jun 10, 2010 Lucknow: In a sudden move, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister and Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) president Mayawati on Thursday dissolved all district and city units ... Opposition up in arms over Maya move to bar parties from civic pollsExpressindia.com - Jun 9, 2010 Lucknow A move of the Uttar Pradesh government to disallow political parties to contest local body elections — kept under wraps for almost a month — has run ... BSP won't contest bypolls, focus on 2012Economic Times - Jun 9, 2010 LUCKNOW: Bahujan Samaj Party czarina Mayawati who has been on a winning spree in recent by-polls has surprised her rivals by announcing that her party would ... Congress, BJP oppose move to change civic poll processThe Hindu - Jun 9, 2010 The Mayawati government's move to change the local bodies election process in Uttar Pradesh has drawn flak from political parties, with the Congress ... | Timeline of articles Number of sources covering this story
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Maya's googly stumps BSP, rivals alike
SP in a tailspin as BSP stays put in UP
BSP to stay away from bypolls, says Maya
Mayawati's mission 2012 - no contesting by-elections now
BSP not to contest by-polls to Assembly, LS seats till 2012
BSP retains Dumariyaganj Assembly seat
BSP wins UP Assembly
BSP retains Dumariyaganj seat
BSP wins Uttar Pradesh assembly by-poll
SP accuses official machinery of contesting polls for BSP
THE CITIZENSHIP (AMENDMENT) ACT 2003 - Indian Bare Acts - India ...
2 Jan 2008 ... THE CITIZENSHIP (AMENDMENT) ACT 2003 in India Bare Acts, Banking and Insurance, Business and Corporate, Constitutional, Consumer Laws, ...
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L-3003 VERIFICATION OF LAWFUL PRESENCE IN THE UNITED STATES
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I am a Qualified Alien under the Federal Immigration and Nationality Act, ... to notify the Department of any change of my legal status as a U.S. citizen, ...
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The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2005 (India)
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(1) This Act may be called the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2005. (2) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 28th day of June, 2005. ...
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Duncan D. Hunter say the amendment has been misapplied and was never intended to ... Hunter, who had co-sponsored the proposed Birthright Citizenship Act of 2007 ... World Headquarters: 2533 N. Carson Street, Suite 3003 | Carson City, ...
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Download full act - THE CITIZENSHIP (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2003 # NO. 6 ...
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2. Amendment of section 2.-In section 2 of the Citizenship Act, 1955 .... Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003 and who was a citizen of India ...
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24 Sep 2009 ... Telephone: +44 207 495 3003. E-mail: admin@magrath.co.uk ... The Act gives effect to a new legal status of earned citizenship, which will be ...
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FIFTH CIRCUIT JOINS OTHER CIRCUITS IN HOLDING THAT THE CITIZENSHIP ...
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17 Oct 2008 ... should not act upon the information ... (holding that citizenship of defendant L.L.C. is determined by citizenship of its members). ... mscarsi@milbank.com. London. David Perkins. 44-20-7615-3003 dperkins@milbank.com.
www.milbank.com/.../101708_Harvey_v_Grey_Wolf_Drilling_Co.pdf - Similar Plain text (ASCII) - Australasian Legal Information Institute ...
29 Mar 2007 ... [pic] Migration Amendment Regulations 2007 (No. ... Minister for Immigration and Citizenship Contents 1 Name of Regulations 2 2 Commencement 2 ... and (ii) the applicant satisfies Schedule 3 criteria 3003, 3004 and 3005. ...
www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/.../mar20071n69o2007417.txt - CachedCitizenship in Australia: 4. The Substance of Citizenship
A432, 1961/3003. SPECIAL FILES, 'SF' PREFIX, SINGLE NUMBER SERIES, 1952–, A467 ... Electoral Act – Amendment as regards Rights & Obligations of Naturalized ...
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4 Oct 2009 ... 3003. Reinstatement of counts dismissed pursuant to a plea agreement. ... TITLE IV — CRIMINAL LAW TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2002 ... Application for naturalization by alternative applicant if citizen parent has died. ...
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Obama calls for clean energy pushBBC News - 46 minutes ago US President Barack Obama has called on his Democratic party and other supporters to back a government campaign for clean energy. In a statement made as he visited areas affected by the BP oil spill, he said the US must "embrace a new future". ... Flowing with the tideHindustan Times - 30 minutes ago I agree with virtually everyone out there who's complaining on camera and in print that our response to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has been just terrible. Except that by "our" I don't mean the government's or the country's but ours — the ... Obama presses BP on compensation AP President Barack Obama greets the crowd after stepping off Air Force One at Gulfport BIloxi Airport in Gulfport, Miss., on Monday, June 14, 2010, as he visited the Gulf coast region affected by the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill. ...
BP could lose oil leases in US spill penalty planFinancial Express - 1 hour ago : BP Plc may lose control of its US oil and natural gas wells and be barred from doing business with the federal government as punishment for the worst oil spill in the US history, industry and regulatory analysts said. US President Barack Obama and ... BP Outlines Oil-Capture Plans BP PLC, under US pressure to contain the Gulf of Mexico spill, has outlined plans to capture all the oil currently estimated to be flowing from the damaged well. In a letter sent Sunday to US Coast Guard Rear Admiral ... Obama compares Gulf of Mexico oil leak to 9/11Times Online - 2 hours ago President Obama predicted a wholesale rethink of America's love affair with oil today, saying he believed the Gulf disaster would have as profound an impact on the American psyche and policy as 9/11. On the eve of his fourth trip to the region and ... Obama begins three-state tour of Gulf Coast Jim Hall fishes in Portersville Bay on Monday near Coden, Alabama, where President Obama was to tour. President Obama addresses the nation live Tuesday night at 8 ET with the latest on the BP oil disaster. Stay with CNN for updates on the cleanup and ... US to Demand BP Fund The Obama administration, facing growing public anger over the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, plans to ask BP PLC to establish an independently administered fund for reimbursing victims—in effect, taking some of the compensation ... Obama flies South, takes fourth tour of Gulf GULFPORT, Miss. — The White House said Monday BP appears willing to set up a massive victims compensation fund, as President Barack Obama set out on a fact-finding tour in the stricken Gulf Coast that he said would help him get tough with the oil ... BP presents new oil containment plan as Obama likens disaster to 9/11Herald Sun - 54 minutes ago PRESIDENT Barack Obama touched down in Mississippi's Gulf coast region last night as part of a two-day, multi-state tour of the devastation from the oil rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico. The President's visit marks his fourth since the April 20 ... | Timeline of articles Number of sources covering this story
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RComm to hive off Infratel as separate biz
Infratel demerger to make RCom financially flexible:Tulsian
Reliance Communications to de-merge telecom infrastructure arm
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NRI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to:navigation, search. NRI may refer to: Non-resident Indian · Kingdom of Nri, An Igbo kingdom that flourished ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRI - Cached - SimilarDefinition of a Non-Resident Indian (NRI)
Non –Resident foreign citizens of Indian Origin are treated on par with non-resident Indian Citizens (NRIs) for the purpose of certain facilities. ...
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Immigration. First click for NRI Investors - Overseas Indian Facilitation Centre (OIFC) New ... Investment Opportunities for Nonresident Indians ...
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BellevisionNRIs can vote only if present in India: Ravi - 3 hours ago
New Delhi: The NRI voting rights bill is likely to be passed in the monsoon session of Parliament but there is no possibility of postal ballots for ...Sify - 38 related articles »
NRIOL - NRI Online, Non Resident Indian Online, Visitor Insurance ...
Welcome to Non Resident Indians (NRI)
Non Resident Indians (NRI ) can take loans for building a house or for buying a plot or house in the country... Tourist offices Abroad ...
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Real estate for lease and sale for Non resident Indians, NRIs can sell, purchase, rent immovable property in India, NRI home loans available through housing ...
www.indianground.com/nri/nri.aspx - Cached - SimilarNon Resident Indian – Property Investment and Real Estate News for ...
11 Jun 2010 ... News on Non Resident Indian (NRI)- Latest news for housing loans, property investment for NRI, Buy Sell, rent flats, apartment, real estate ...
www.indianrealtynews.com/category/nri/ - Cached - SimilarNon Resident Indian's Parents Association
NRIPA is a support group of parents of Non-Resident Indians. This is a non-profit, voluntary membership group, with a very cosmopolitan outlook. ...
www.nripaonline.com/ - Cached - SimilarNRIworld.com - The Platform For Global Indians - NRI News ...
We are one of the best and topmost website that service the NRIs through our offline and online services like the nriworld magazine, webportal, etc.
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Non-resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Non-resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A Non-Resident Indian (NRI) (Hindi: प्रवासी भारतीय Pravāsī Bhāratīya) is an Indian citizen who has migrated to another country, a person of Indian origin who is born outside India, or a person of Indian origin who resides permanently outside India. Other terms with the same meaning are overseas Indian and expatriate Indian. In common usage, this often includes Indian-born individuals (and also people of other nations with Indian ancestry) who have taken the citizenship of other countries.
In North America, the terms East Indian and Asian Indian are often used to distinguish people who have originated from India (including people from nations of the Indian subcontinent), from the indigenous people, the American Indians.
A Person of Indian Origin (PIO) is usually a person of Indian origin who is not a citizen of India. For the purposes of issuing a PIO Card, the Indian government considers anyone of Indian origin up to four generations removed to be a PIO.[2] Spouses of people entitled to a PIO card in their own right can also carry PIO cards. This latter category includes foreign spouses of Indian nationals, regardless of ethnic origin. PIO Cards exempt holders from many restrictions applying to foreign nationals, such as visa and work permit requirements, along with certain other economic limitations.
The NRI and PIO population across the world is estimated at over 30 million.
As of January 2006,[3] The Indian government has introduced the "Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI)" scheme to allow a limited form of dual citizenship to Indians, NRIs and PIOs for the first time since independence in 1947. It is expected that the PIO Card scheme will be phased out in coming years in favour of OCI.
Contents[hide] |
[edit] History
The most significant historical emigration from India was that of the Romani people, traditionally known by the term "Gypsies".[4] Linguistic and genetic evidence indicates the Romanies originated from the Indian subcontinent, emigrating from India towards the northwest no earlier than the 11th century. The Romani are generally believed to have originated in central India, possibly in the modern Indian state of Rajasthan, migrating to northwest India (the Punjab region) around 250 B.C. In the centuries spent here, there may have been close interaction with such established groups as the Rajputs and the Jats. Their subsequent westward migration, possibly in waves, is believed to have occurred between 500 A.D. and 1000 A.D. Contemporary populations sometimes suggested as sharing a close relationship to the Romani are the Dom people of Central Asia and the Banjara of India.[5]
Another major emigration from the subcontinent was to South East Asia. It started as a military expedition by Hindu, and later Buddhist, kings of South India and resulted in the settlers' merging with the local society. The Cholas, who were known for their naval power, conquered Sumatra and Malay Peninsula. The influence of Indian culture is still strongly felt in South East Asia, especially in places like Bali (in Indonesia). In such cases, it is not reasonable to apply the label 'PIO' to the descendants of emigrants from several centuries back. Intermixture has been so great as to negate the value of such nomenclature in this context.
The Indian merchant diaspora in Central Asia and Persia emerged in the mid-16th century and remained active for over four centuries. Astrakhan at the mouth of the Volga was the first place in Tsardom of Russia where an Indian merchant colony was established as early as the 1610s. Russian chroniclers reported the presence of Hindu traders in Moscow and St. Petersburg in the 18th century.[6]
During the 19th century and until the end of the Raj, much of the migration that occurred was of poor workers to other British colonies under the indenture system. The major destinations, in chronological order, were Mauritius, Guyana, the Caribbean, Fiji and East Africa. There was also a small amount of free emigration of skilled labourers and professionals to some of these countries in the twentieth century. The event that triggered this diaspora was the Slavery Abolition Act passed by the British Parliament on August 1, 1834, which freed the slave labour force throughout the British colonies. This left many of the plantations devoid of adequate work force as the newly freed slaves left to take advantage of their freedom. This resulted in an extreme shortage of labour throughout many of the British colonies which was resolved by a massive importation of workers engaged under contracts of indentured servitude. An unrelated system involved recruitment of workers for the tea plantations of the neighbouring British colonies of Sri Lanka and Burma and the rubber plantations of British Malaya (now Malaysia and Singapore).
After the 1970s oil boom in the Middle East, numerous Indians emigrated to work in the Gulf countries. With modern transportation and expectations, this was on a contractual basis rather than permanent as in the 19th century cases. These Gulf countries have a common policy of not naturalizing non-Arabs, even if they are born there.
The 1990s software boom and rising economy in the USA attracted numerous Indians who emigrated to the United States of America. Today, the USA has the third largest number of Indians.
[edit] PIOs today
[edit] Australia
It is said that the first Indian had come to Australia as part of Captain Cook's ship.[citation needed] Before roads and road transport were developed, many Indians had come to Australia to run camel trains. These Indians were called Afghans and kept the communication and supply line open between Melbourne and the center of Australia. They would transport goods and mail via camel in the desert. Some of the earliest Punjabi arrivals in Australia included Kareem Bux who came as a hawker to Bendigo in 1893, Sardar Beer Singh Johal who came in 1895 and Sardar Narain Singh Heyer who arrived in 1898. Many Punjabis took part in the rush for gold on the Victorian fields.
Indians also entered Australia in the first half of the 20th century when both Australia and India were still British colonies. Indian Sikhs came to work on the banana plantations in Southern Queensland. Today a large number of them live in the town of Woolgoolga (a town lying roughly half-way between Sydney and Brisbane). Some of these Indians, the descendants of Sikh plantation workers, now own banana farms in the area. There are two Sikh temples in Woolgoolga. One of which even has a museum dedicated to Sikhism. A large number of Britons and Anglo-Indians born in India migrated to Australia after 1947. These British citizens decided to settle in Australia in large numbers but are still counted as 'Indian' Nationals in the census. The third wave of Indians entered the country in the 1980s, after the demise of the white Australia policy. After the policy was abolished many Indian teachers and doctors settled in Australia. Another big influx began with the IT revolution. Large numbers of Indian software professionals arrived in Australia from 1976 onwards. After successive military coups in Fiji of 1987 and 2000 a significant number of Fijian-Indians migrated to Australia as such there is a large Fijian-Indian population in Australia. Fijian-Indians have significantly changed the character of the Indian community in Australia. While most earlier Indian migration was comprised primarily with educated professionals, the Fijian-Indian community was also comprised largely with professionals but also brought many small business owners and entrepreneurs.
The current wave of Indian migration is that of engineers, tool-makers, Gujarati business families from East Africa and relatives of settled Indians. Starved of government funding, Australian education institutes are recruiting full fee paying overseas students. Many universities have permanent representatives stationed in India and other Asian countries. Their efforts have been rewarded and a new influx of Indian students entering Australia. The total number of student visas granted to Indian students for 2006-2007 were 34,136;[7] a significant rise from 2002-2003 when 7,603 student visa's were granted Indian students.[8]
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 87% of Indians residing in Australia are aged under 50 and over 83% of the population are proficient in English. Many in the community are Hindu and Sikh, while there are also smaller number of Christians and Muslims.[citation needed] There are about 235,000 Indians living in Australia.
[edit] Canada
According to Statistics Canada, in 2006 there were 962,665 people who classified themselves as being of Indian origin, including terms of "East Indian", South Asian or Indo-Canadian. In addition, the term "Indian" is also widely applied to blacks and others from the Caribbean (West Indians). Out of this population, 50% are Sikhs, 39% are Hindus, and the remainder are Muslim, Christian, Jain, Buddhist, or no religious affiliation. The main Indian ethnic communities are Punjabis (who account for more than half the population) as well as Gujaratis, Tamils (Indian as opposed to Sri Lankan), Indo-Caribbeans (numbering approximately 200,000), Keralites, Bengalis, Sindhis and others.
The first known Indian settlers in Canada were Indian army soldiers who had passed through Canada in 1897 on their way back home from attending Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebration in London, England. Some are believed to have remained in British Columbia and others returned there later. Punjabi Indians were attracted to the possibilities for farming and forestry. They were mainly male Sikhs who were seeking work opportunities. Indo-Caribbeans, descendants of the Indian indentured workers who had gone to the Caribbean since 1838, made an early appearance in Canada with the arrival of the Trinidadian medical student Kenneth Mahabir and the Demerara (now Guyana) clerk M.N. Santoo, both in 1908.
The first Indian immigrants in British Columbia allegedly faced widespread racism from the local white Canadians. Race riots targeted these immigrants, as well as new Chinese immigrants. Most decided to return to India, while a few stayed behind. The Canadian government prevented these men from bringing their wives and children until 1919, another reason why many of them chose to leave. Quotas were established to prevent many Indians from moving to Canada in the early 20th century. These quotas allowed fewer than 100 people from India a year until 1957, when the number was increased to 300. In 1967, all quotas were scrapped. Immigration was then based on a point system, thus allowing many more Indians to enter. Since this open-door policy was adopted, Indians continue to come in large numbers, and roughly 25,000-30,000 arrive each year (which now makes Indians the second highest group immigrating to Canada each year, after the Chinese).
Most Indians choose to immigrate to larger urban centers like Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, where more than 70% live. Smaller communities are also growing in Calgary, Edmonton and Winnipeg. Indians in Vancouver are from diverse locations in India, such as Punjab, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. A place called Little India exists in Vancouver. Indians in Vancouver mainly live in the suburb of Surrey, or nearby Abbotsford but are also found in other parts of Vancouver. The vast majority of Vancouver Indians are of Sikh origin and have taken significant roles in politics and other professions, with several Supreme Court justices, three Attorneys General and one provincial premier hailing from the community.
The Greater Toronto Area contains the second largest population of Indian descent in North America, enumerating 484,655 residents of Indian origin as of 2006, surpassed only by the 575,541 estimate by the 2007 American Community Survey for the New York Combined Statistical Area. Note, however, that the Toronto count (but not the New York count) includes individuals of West Indian/Indo-Caribbean descent. Toronto also ranks as one of the top 5 cities in the world with the largest number of Indians, following London and kuala lumpur. The New York statistical area is the largest in North America with Toronto in the second place. Toronto also has a large Tamil community hailing from Sri Lanka. Toronto has also a media branch of a worldwide DVD seller, "Ayangaran". In contrast to their counterparts in the United States, Indo-Canadians tend to be more deeply entrenched in working-class occupations and less engaged in professional careers.
Amongst the many notables in the Indo Canadian diaspora there are the Hon Minister Harinder Takhar of the Ontario Legislature.
[edit] Caribbean
From 1838 to 1917, over half a million Indians from the former British Raj or British India, were brought to the British West Indies as indentured servants to address the demand for labour following the abolition of slavery. The first two shiploads arrived in British Guiana (now Guyana) on May 5, 1838.
The majority of the Indians living in the English-speaking Caribbean came from eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar, while those brought to Guadeloupe and Martinique were mostly from, but not only, from Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. A minority emigrated from other parts of South Asia, including present-day Pakistan and Bangladesh. Other Indo-Caribbean people descend from later migrants, including Indian doctors, Gujarati businessmen and migrants from Kenya and Uganda. A vague community of modern-day immigrants from India is to be found on Saint-Martin / Sint Maarten and other islands with duty-free commercial capabilities, where they are active in business.
Indo-Caribbeans are the largest ethnic group in Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are the second largest group in Jamaica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and other countries. There are small populations of them in Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, French Guiana, Grenada, Panama, St. Lucia, Haiti, Martinique and Guadeloupe.
The indentured Indians and their descendants have actively contributed to the evolution of their adopted lands in spite of many difficulties. Jamaica has always celebrated the arrival of the East Indians in Old Harbour Bay on May 13. In 2003, Martinique celebrated the 150th anniversary of Indian arrival. Guadeloupe did the same in 2004. These celebrations were not the fact of just the Indian minority but the official recognition by the French and local authorities of their integration and their wide-scale contribution in various fields from Agriculture to Education, Politics, and to the diversification of the Creole culture. Thus the noted participation of the whole multi-ethnic population of the two islands in these events.[9]
[edit] East Africa
Before the larger wave of migration during the British colonial era, a significant group of South Asians, especially from the west coast (Sindh, Surat, Konkan, Malabar and Lanka) regularly travelled to East Africa, especially Zanzibar. It is believed that they travelled in Arab dhows, Maratha (Coonagee Angria, Kanhoji Angre), possibly Chinese junks and Portuguese vessels. Some of these people settled in East Africa and later spread to places like present day Uganda. Later they mingled with the much larger wave of South Asians who came with the British.
Indian migration to the modern countries of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania started nearly a century ago when these were part of British East Africa. Most of these migrants were of Gujarati or Punjabi origin. Their number may have been as high as 500,000 in the 1960s. Indian-led businesses were (or are) the backbone of the economies of these countries. These ranged in the past from small rural grocery stores to sugar mills. In addition, Indian professionals, such as doctors, teachers, engineers, also played an important part in the development of these countries. After independence from Britain in the 1960s, the majority of Asians, as they were known, moved out or were forced out from these countries (in 1970's by Idi Amin in Uganda). Most of them moved to Britain, or India, or other popular destinations like the USA and Canada.
[edit] Indonesia
Though there are no official figures, it is estimated that there are around 25,000 PIOs/NRIs living in Indonesia of which the Indian expatriate community registered with the Embassy and our Consulate in Medan numbers around 5000.
Indians have been living in Indonesia for centuries from the time of the Srivijaya and Majaphit Empire both of which were Hindu and heavily influenced by the subcontinent. Indians were later brought to Indonesia by the Dutch in the 19th century as indentured labourers to work on plantations located around Medan in Sumatra. While the majority of these came from South India, a significant number also came from the north. The Medan Indians included Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. They have now been in Indonesia for over four generations and hold Indonesian passports. While local statistics continue to suggest that there are some 40,000 PIOs in Sumatra, the vast majority are now completely assimilated in Indonesian society, though some elements of the Tamil, Sikh and Bihari Communities still maintain their cultural traditions.
The Indian Diaspora also includes several thousand Sindhi families who constitute the second wave of Indian immigrants who made Indonesia their home in the first half of the 20th century. The Sindhi community is mainly engaged in trading and commerce.
Among these communities, Tamils and to a lesser extent Sikhs were primarily engaged in agriculture while Sindhis and Punjabis mainly established themselves in textile trade and sports business.
The inflow of major Indian investments in Indonesia starting in the late 1970s drew a fresh wave of Indian investors and managers to this country. This group of entrepreneurs and business professionals has further expanded over the past two decades and now includes engineers, consultants, chartered accountants, bankers and other professionals.
The Indian community is very well regarded in Indonesia, is generally prosperous and includes individuals holding senior positions in local and multinational companies.
Due to economic factors, most traders and businessmen among PIOs have over past decades moved to Jakarta from outlying areas such as Medan and Surabaya. Almost half the Indian Community in Indonesia is now Jakarta-based; it is estimated that the population of Jakarta's Indian community is about 19,000.[10] There are six main social or professional associations in Jakarta's Indian PIO/NRI community. Gandhi Seva Loka (formerly known as Bombay Merchants Association) is a charitable institution run by the Sindhi community and is engaged mainly in educational and social activities. The India Club is a social organization of PIO/NRI professionals. An Indian Women's Association brings together PIO/NRI spouses and undertakes charitable activities. There is a Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee in Jakarta and Sindhis as well as Sikhs are associated with Gurudwara activities The Economic Association of Indonesia and India (ECAII) brings together leading entrepreneurs from the Indian community with the objective of promoting bilateral economic relations, but has been largely inactive. Finally, there is the Indonesian Chapter of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).
[edit] Madagascar
Indians in Madagascar are descended mostly from traders who arrived in 19th century looking for better opportunities. The majority of them came from the west coast of Indian state of Gujarat known as Karana (Muslim) and Banian (Hindu). The majority speak Gujarati, though some other Indian languages are spoken. Nowadays the younger generations speak at least three languages including, French or English, Gujarati and Malagasy. A large number of Indians are highly educated in Madagascar, particularly the younger generation, who try to contribute their knowledge to the development of Madagascar.
[edit] Malaysia
Malaysia has some of the largest overseas Chinese and overseas Indian populations in the world. Most Indians migrated to Malaysia as plantation laborers under British rule. They are a significant minority ethnic group, making up 8% of the Malaysian population. Most of these are Tamil but Malayalam- Telugu,Punjabi and Gujarati- speaking people are also present. They have retained their languages and religion — 80% of ethnic Indians in Malaysia identify as Hindus. A significant number of the population are Sikhs and the rest are Christians and Muslims.
There is also a small community of Indian origin, the Chitty, who are the descendants of Tamil traders who had emigrated before 1500 AD, and Chinese and Malay locals. Considering themselves Tamil, speaking Malay, and practicing Hinduism, the Chittys number about 2000 today.
[edit] Mauritius
Outside of India itself, Mauritius is the only country where people of Indian Origin form the vast majority (not including Guyana, Trinidad & Tobago where Afro-Trinidadians and Indo-Trinidadians have equal populations, or Fiji where the Indo-Fijians once formed the majority but not today). The people are known as Indo-Mauritians, and form about 70% of the population. The majority of them are Hindu (77%) and a significant group are Muslims (22%). There are also some Christians, Bahá'ís and Sikhs, but the Bahá'ís and Sikh populations do not add up to even 1% of the population. Various Indian languages are still spoken, especially Bhojpuri, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Hindi and Urdu, but most Indo-Mauritians now speak a French-based Creole language at home, as well as French in general fields. Finding an Indo-Mauritian who exclusively speaks an Indian language is very rare.
[edit] Middle East
There is a huge population of Indians in the Middle East, most coming from Kerala and other south Indian states, especially in the oil rich countries neighboring the Persian Gulf. Most moved to the Gulf after the oil boom to work as labourers and for clerical jobs. Indians - all foreigners, in fact - in the Gulf do not normally become citizens however. They retain their Indian passports since most of the countries in the Gulf do not provide citizenship or permanent residency. One of the major reasons why Indians like to work in the Gulf is because it provides incomes many times over for the same type of job back in India and its geographical proximity to India. The Indian Diaspora makes up a good proportion of the working class in the GCC. In 2005, about 40% of the population in the United Arab Emirates were of Indian descent.
The Gulf Cooperation Council states include Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman. NRI population in these Gulf Cooperation Council countries is estimated to be around 6,000,000 (2006–2007), of which over 1,500,000 stay in the UAE. Majority of them originate from Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. NRI population tends to save and remit considerable amount to their dependents in India. It is estimated such remittances may be over USD 10 billion per annum (including remittances by formal and informal channels in 2005-2006). (Source: Research by S.Kadwe, 2007).
[edit] New Zealand
Indians began to arrive in New Zealand in the late eighteenth century, mostly as crews on British ships. A small number deserted; the earliest known Indian resident of New Zealand was living with a Māori wife in the Bay of Islands in 1815. Numbers slowly increased through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, despite a law change in 1899 which was designed to keep out people who were not of 'British birth and parentage'. As in many other countries, Indians in New Zealand dispersed throughout the country and had a high rate of small business ownership, particularly fruit and vegetable shops and convenience stores. At this stage most Indian New Zealanders originated from Gujarat. Changes in immigration policy in the 1980s allowed many more Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis into the country, and the 1987 and 2000 military coups in Fiji caused a large increase in the number of Fijian Indians coming to New Zealand. Notable Indian New Zealanders include former Dunedin mayor Sukhi Turner, cricketer Dipak Patel, singer Aaradhna, and current Governor General Anand Satyanand.[11]
[edit] Philippines
There are approximately 38,000 and more Indians and Indian Filipinos who are PIOs/NRIs as a whole living throughout the Philippines. Most are concentrated in Manila, Cebu, and Davao, and even in places like Zamboanga, and other major cities and small towns of the named 11 islands. Indians have been in the Philippines from the 4th century A.D. to the 17th century A.D. Making Hinduism and mixture of Buddhism the main religions before the onset of Islam and Catholicism by the Arabs and Indonesians, and later by the Spaniards.
Indians from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India also came with the British expedition against Manila that took the city from the Spaniards and occupied Manila and the area around Caintâ and Morong (which is now Rizal province) between 1762 and 1763. Many of them refused to leave, mutinied, and married local Tagalog women, which explains why many Filipinos around Caintâ, Rizal are Indian descendants.[12] Many Indians have intermarried with Filipinos, more so than in neighboring countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, mainly because their populations are largely Muslim, and the Indians there are adverse to marrying Muslims in those host countries. During the 1930s and 1940s, many Indians and Indian Filipinos lived in Filipino provinces, including Davao, which at the time had, and still have, many Japanese and Japanese Filipinos. When the economy of the Philippines were based in Manila, many moved there, which explains why today half of the Indian and Indian Filipino community are now based there.
Most of the Indians and Indian Filipinos in the Philippines are Sindhi and Punjabi, but there is also a large Tamil population as well. Many are fluent in Tagalog and English, as well as the local language of the provinces and islands. Many are prosperous middle and higher class with their main occupations in clothing sales and marketing. Sikhs are involved largely in finance, and sales and marketing. Most of the Indians and Indian Filipinos are Hindu and Sikh, but have assimilated into Filipino culture and some are Catholic. There is a main Hindu and Sikh temple in Manila, and all over the Philippine provinces as well.
[edit] Réunion
Indians make up a quarter of Réunion's population. Most originally came as indentured workers from South India.
[edit] Singapore
Indians in Singapore – defined as persons of South Asian paternal ancestry – form 10% of the country's citizens and permanent residents, making them Singapore's third largest ethnic group. Among cities, Singapore has one of the largest overseas Indian populations.
Although contact with ancient India left a deep cultural impact on Singapore's indigenous Malay society, the mass migration of ethnic Indians to the island only began with the founding of modern Singapore by the British in 1819. Initially, the Indian population was transient, mainly comprising young men who came as workers, soldiers and convicts. By the mid-20th century, a settled community had emerged, with a more balanced gender ratio and a better spread of age groups.
Singapore's Indian population is notable for its class stratification, with disproportionately large elite and lower income groups. This long-standing problem has grown more visible since the 1990s with an influx of both well-educated and unskilled migrants from India, and as part of growing income inequality in Singapore. Indians earn higher incomes than Malays, the other major minority group. Indians are also significantly more likely to hold university degrees than these groups. However, the mainly locally-born Indian students in public primary and secondary schools under-perform the national average at major examinations.
Singapore Indians are linguistically and religiously diverse, with Sikhs and Hindus forming small majorities. Indian culture has endured and evolved over almost 200 years. By the mid to late 20th century, it had become somewhat distinct from contemporary South Asian cultures, even as Indian elements became diffused within a broader Singaporean culture. Since the 1990s, new Indian immigrants have increased the size and complexity of the local Indian population. Together with modern communications like cable television and the internet, this has connected Singapore with an emerging global Indian culture.
Prominent Indian individuals have long made a mark in Singapore as leaders of various fields in national life. Indians are also collectively well represented, and sometimes over-represented, in areas such as politics, education, diplomacy and the law. There is also a small community of Indian origin, the Chitty, who are the descendants of Tamil traders who had emigrated before 1500 AD, and Chinese and Malay locals. Considering themselves Tamil, speaking Malay, and practicing Hinduism, the Chittys number about 2000 today.
[edit] South Africa
Most Asians in South Africa are descended from indentured Indian labourers who were brought by the British from India in the 19th century, mostly to work in the sugar cane plantations of what is now the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). A minority are descended from Indian traders who migrated to South Africa at around the same time, many from the Gujarat area. The city of Durban has the highest number of Asians in sub-Saharan Africa, and the Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi worked as a lawyer in the city in the early 1900s. South Africa in fact has the highest number of people of Indian descent outside of India in the world, i.e. born in South Africa and not migrant, compared to the U.S. Most of them are fourth to fifth generation descent. Also, in the Natal area alone, there has been over 20 temples built over the last 140 years of indenture, as stated by the Sun Newspaper. They mainly belong to the Hindu and Muslim religious groupings. The Muslim scholar and public speaker Shaikh Ahmed Deedat was from South Africa. Ahmed Deedat was born in Gujarat and migrated to Durban with his family. Most Indian South Africans do not speak the Indian languages which were 'lost' over the generations, although they do enjoy watching Indian movies and listening to Indian music.
[edit] UK
The Indian emigrant community in the United Kingdom is now in its third generation. Indians in the UK are the largest community outside of Asia proportionally, and the second largest in terms of population, only surpassed by the United States, and closely followed by Canada.
Indian culture has been constantly referenced within the wider British culture, at first as an "exotic" influence in films like My Beautiful Laundrette, but now increasingly as a familiar feature in films like Bend It Like Beckham. Indian food is now regarded as part of the British cuisine.
According to the April 2001 UK National Census[13] There are 1,051,800 people of Indian origin in the UK.The main ethnic groups are Panjabis and Gujaratis with smaller numbers of Tamils, Bengalis and Anglo-Indians. Hindus comprise 45% of the population, Sikhs 29%, Muslims 13%, Christians nearly 5%, with the remainder made up of Jains (15,000), Parsis (Zoroastrians), Buddhists and those who stated no religion. 2005 estimates state 2.41% of England's population as being Indian (not including mixed race), which would be around 1,215,400 (see Demographics of England). Following the continuous trend (including those of mixed Indian ancestry), in 2008 there are likely to be well over 1,600,000 Indian people in the UK.[14]
Most Indians in the United Kingdom have settled in London, the Midlands, the North West and Yorkshire. However, in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the other regions their presence isn't as large.
After English, the most used language in the United Kingdom is Punjabi, with 2,300,000 speakers, and many other South Asian languages spoken by Indians are common.
[edit] US
Indian immigration to North America started as early as 1890s. A Sikh-Canadians community has existed in Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada, for over 100 years. Hindus from India started to settle after the government built the first mandir (Hindu temple). Many Sikhs living in Canada would often visit their homes in India and tell relatives what it was like. The stories would persuade the Hindus to move to North America and live there. In 1889 the first Hindu family arrived in America, the government built a mandir for the family, which attracted more and more Hindus. Soon after there were many mandirs placed around the country. But Sikhs were not allowed to build a temple as the government said 'as Sikhism was created from Hinduism the Sikhs would have to either pray at the mandirs or not pray at all' they said this as they did not want to waste money on another place of worship if there is already many. More that 75% of the Sikhs prayed at the mandirs, but about one hundred refused to as they wanted to be an individual religion with its own temples so they protested for almost 22 years which by this time (1911) the first gurdwara (Sikh temple) was built, not in America but in Canada, because the American government were occupied by the war in Japan and Europe. Today there are very few gurdwaras in America and many in Canada. Built in 1911, the first gurdwara on South Fraser Way in Abbotsford, is the oldest Sikh temple in North America.
Emigration to the U.S. also started in the late 19th and early 20th century, when Sikhs arriving in Vancouver found that the fact that they were subjects of the British Empire did not mean anything in the Empire (Canada) itself, and they were blatantly discriminated against. Some of these pioneers entered the U.S or landed in Seattle and San Francisco as the ships that carried them from Asia often stopped at these ports. Most of these immigrants were Sikhs from the Punjab region. They were referred to in the U.S. as Hindus (due to a common American misconception that everyone in India was a Hindu and also for want of a term that distinguished these immigrants from Native Americans who were then called Indians).
Asian women were restricted from immigrating, because the US government passed laws in 1917 at the behest of California and other states in the west, which had experienced a large influx of Chinese, Japanese and Indian immigrants during and after the gold rush. As a result, many of the South Asian men in California married Mexican women. A fair number of these families settled down in the Central Valley in California as farmers, and continue to this day. These early immigrants were denied voting rights, family re-unification and citizenship. In 1923 the Supreme Court of the United States, in United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind, ruled that people from India (at the time, British India, e.g. South Asians) were ineligible for citizenship. Thind became a citizen a few years later in New York. Bhagat Singh Thind was a Sikh from India who settled in Oregon; he had earlier applied for citizenship and been rejected in Oregon.[15]
After World War II, US immigration policy changed to allow family re-unification for people of non-white origin after being banned for almost half a century. In addition, Asians were allowed to become citizens and to vote. A large number of the men who arrived before the 1940s were finally able to bring their families to the US; most of them settled in California and other west coast states.
Another wave of Indian immigrants entered the U.S. in the 50's, 60's, 1970s and 1980s. A large proportion of them were Sikhs joining their family members under the new color-blind immigration laws, and professionals or students that came from all over India. The Cold War created a need for engineers in the defense and aerospace industries, many of whom came from India. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, Gujarati arrived as well as South Indians. Although the South Indians do not outnumber the Punjabi Sikhs, Gujaratis did surpass the population of Punjabi Sikhs. Overall Gujaratis and Punjabis are the most prominent groups of Indian origin(needs citation). The most recent and probably the largest wave of immigration to date occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000 during the internet boom. As a result, Indians in the U.S. are now one of the largest among the groups of Indian diaspora with an estimated population of about 2.7 million. In contrast to the earliest groups of Indians who entered the US workforce as taxi drivers, laborers, farmers or small business owners, the later arrivals often came as professionals or completed graduate study here and moved into the professions. They have become very successful financially thanks to the hi-tech industry, and are thus probably the most well-off community of immigrants. They are well represented in all walks of life, but particularly so in academia, information technology and medicine. There were over 4,000 PIO professors and 84,000 Indian-born students in American universities in 2007-08. The American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin boasts a membership of 35,000. In 2000, Fortune magazine estimated the wealth generated by Indian Silicon Valley entrepreneurs at around $250 billion. The combined wealth of the non-resident Indian community is estimated to be over 1 trillion dollars according to a report by the High-Powered expert committee appointed by the center.[3]
Though currently the Indian diaspora in the US is largely concentrated in metropolitan areas such as New York (with the largest Indian American population, enumerating 575,541 individuals according to 2007 American Community Survey estimates by the U.S. Census) - as well as Washington, Boston, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Detroit, and Houston - almost every metropolitan area in the US has a community of Indians.
[edit] Statistics
Continent / Country | Articles | Overseas Indian Population | Percentage of Local Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 2,800,000+ | ||
 South Africa | Indian South Africans, Asians in South Africa | 1,300,000[16] | 2.7% |
 Mauritius | Indo-Mauritian | 855,000 | 68.3% |
 Réunion (France) | Indo-Réunionnaise | 220,000[17] | 28% |
 Kenya | Indians in Kenya | 100,000[17] | 0.3% |
 Tanzania | Indians in Tanzania | 90,000[17] | 0.2% |
 Uganda | Indians in Uganda | 90,000 | 0.3% |
 Madagascar | Indians in Madagascar | 28,000[17] | 0.15% |
 Nigeria | Indian Language School | 25,000[17] | 0.02% |
 Mozambique | Indians in Mozambique | 21,000[17] | 0.1% |
 Libya | 20,000[18] | 0.34% | |
 Zimbabwe | Indians in Zimbabwe | 16,000[17] | 0.1% |
 Botswana | Indians in Botswana | 9,000[17] | 0.5% |
 Zambia | Indians in Zambia | 6,000[17] | 0.05% |
 Seychelles | Indo-Seychellois | 5,000[17] | 6.2% |
 Ghana | 3,800[17] | 0.017% | |
 Eritrea | 1,753[19] | 0.04% | |
 Côte d'Ivoire | 300[19] | 0.0017% | |
 Namibia | 110[19] | 0.005% | |
| Continent / Country | Articles | Overseas Indian Population | Percentage of Local Population |
| Asia | 9,800,000+ | ||
 Nepal | 4,000,000[20] | 14.7% | |
 Malaysia | Malaysian Indian, Chitty, Tamil diaspora | 2,400,000 | 8.7% |
 Burma | Burmese Indians, Myanmar Indian Muslims, Anglo-Indian | 2,000,000[19] | 4.2% |
 Sri Lanka | Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka (as opposed to native Sri Lankan Tamils) | 850,000[21] | 4.4% |
 Singapore | Indian Singaporean, Tamil diaspora | 320,000 | 6.6% |
 Thailand | Indians in Thailand | 65,000 | 0.1% |
 Hong Kong | South Asians in Hong Kong, Indians in Hong Kong | 40,000 | 0.6% |
 Philippines | South Asians in the Philippines | 38,000[19][22] | 0.04% |
 Indonesia | Indian Indonesian, Tamil diaspora | 25,000[19] | 0.01% |
 Japan | Indians in Japan | 22,335[23] | 0.02% |
 Maldives | 9,000[24] | 3.1% | |
 Brunei | 7,600[19] | 2% | |
 South Korea | 2,700[19] | 0.006% | |
 Bhutan | 1,500[19] | 0.07% | |
 Kazakhstan | 1,200[25] | 0.08% | |
 Afghanistan | 1,000[25] | 0.003% | |
 Uzbekistan | 700[25] | 0.003% | |
 Turkmenistan | 700[25] | 0.014% | |
 Vietnam | Indians in Vietnam | 320[19] | 0.0004% |
 Cambodia | 300[19] | 0.002% | |
 Laos | 125[19] | 0.002% | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 100[19] | 0.002% | |
| Continent / Country | Articles | Overseas Indian Population | Percentage of Local Population |
| Middle East | 4,200,000+ | ||
 Saudi Arabia | Hinduism in Arab states | 1,500,000[18] | 6.1% |
 United Arab Emirates | Indians in the United Arab Emirates | 1,300,000[26] | 31.7% |
 Kuwait | 580,000[27] | 21.6% | |
 Oman | 450,000[18] | 17.5% | |
 Bahrain | 150,000[18] | 19% | |
 Qatar | 125,000[18] | 15.7% | |
 Israel | Indians in Israel, Indian Jews | 45,000[28] | 0.7% |
 Lebanon | 11,000[19] | 0.27% | |
 Yemen | 9,000[29] | 0.04% | |
 Syria | 1,800[19] | 0.009% | |
 Iran | Indians in Iran | 800[25] | 0.001% |
 Turkey | 300[30] | 0.0004% | |
| Continent / Country | Articles | Overseas Indian Population | Percentage of Local Population |
| Europe | 1,768,834+[31] | ||
 United Kingdom | British Indian | 1,053,411 (2001)[32] England 1,316,000 (2007)[33] Scotland 17,000 (2001)[34] Wales 8,200 (2001)[35] Northern Ireland 1,600 (2001)[36] | 1.8% 2.6% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% |
 Netherlands | Hindoestanen | 110,000[37] | 0.7% |
 Italy | Indians in Italy | 71,500[37] | 0.1% |
 Portugal | Indians in Portugal | 70,000[37] | 0.66% |
| France | Indian diaspora in France | 65,000[37] | 0.1% |
 Germany | Indians in Germany | 35,000[37] | 0.04% |
 Spain | Indian community of Spain | 29,000[37] | 0.07% |
 Russia | 16,044[19] | 0.01% | |
 Switzerland | 13,500[37] | 0.2% | |
 Austria | 11,945[37] | 0.15% | |
 Sweden | 11,000[37] | 0.1% | |
 Belgium | Indians in Belgium | 7,000[37] | 0.07% |
 Greece | 7,000[37] | 0.06% | |
 Norway | 5,630[37] | 0.1% | |
 Ukraine | 3,500[37] | 0.007% | |
 Denmark | 2,500[37] | 0.046% | |
 Republic of Ireland | 1,600[37] | 0.04% | |
 Romania | 1,200[38] | 0.0055% | |
 Finland | 1,170[37] | 0.02% | |
 Poland | 825[37] | 0.002% | |
 Cyprus | 300[37] | 0.24% | |
 Slovakia | 100[37] | 0.002% | |
 Lithuania | 100[37] | 0.003% | |
 Bulgaria | 20[37] | 0.0003% | |
| Continent / Country | Articles | Overseas Indian Population | Percentage of Local Population |
| North America | 4,500,000+ | ||
 United States | Indian American, Indo-Caribbean American, South Asian American | 2,765,815[39] | 0.9% |
 Canada | Indo-Canadian, Tamil Canadians | 962,665[40] | 2.9% |
 Trinidad and Tobago | Indo-Trinidadian, Indo-Caribbean | 525,000[41] | 40.2% |
 Jamaica | Indo-Jamaican, Indo-Caribbean | 90,000[42] | 3.4% |
| Guadeloupe (France) | Indo-Guadeloupean, Indo-Caribbean | 55,000 | 13.6% |
 Cuba | Indo-Caribbean | 34,000[43] | 0.3% |
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Indo-Caribbean | 21,500[citation needed] | 19.7% |
 Grenada | Indo-Grenadians, Indo-Caribbean | 12,000 | 11.7% |
 Panama | Indians in Panama | 9,000 | 0.3% |
 Saint Lucia | Indo-Caribbean | 4,700 | 2.8% |
 Puerto Rico (United States) | Asian Latin American | 4,500[citation needed] | 0.1% |
 Barbados | Indians in Barbados, Indo-Caribbean | 2,200[19] | 0.8% |
 Saint Kitts and Nevis | Indo-Caribbean | 1,100[19] | 2.6% |
 Netherlands Antilles (Netherlands) | Indo-Caribbean | 600[44] | 0.3% |
 Belize | Indo-Caribbean, Indians in Belize, Asian Latin American | 500[19] | 0.2% |
 Mexico | 400[19] | 0.0004% | |
 Antigua and Barbuda | Indo-Caribbean | 300[45] | 0.4% |
| Continent / Country | Articles | Overseas Indian Population | Percentage of Local Population |
| South America | 510,000+ | ||
 Guyana | Indo-Guyanese | 327,000 | 43.5% |
 Suriname | Hindoestanen | 135,000 | 27.4% |
 Brazil | 1,900[19] | 0.001% | |
 Argentina | Asian Latin American | 1,600[19] | 0.004% |
 Venezuela | Asian Latin American, Indo-Caribbean | 690[19] | 0.0026% |
 Chile | 650[19] | 0.004% | |
 Peru | Asian Latin American | 145[19] | 0.0005% |
 Uruguay | Asian Latin American | 40-50[46] | 0.001% |
 Colombia | Asian Latin American | 20[19] | 0.00004% |
| Continent / Country | Articles | Overseas Indian Population | Percentage of Local Population |
| Oceania | 600,000+ | ||
 Fiji | Indians in Fiji | 340,000 | 40.1% |
 Australia | Indian Australian | 235,000[47] | 1.1% |
 New Zealand | Indo Kiwi | 105,000[48] | 2.6% |
| Total Overseas Indian Population | ~24,000,000 |
[edit] See also
- Chitty
- Overseas Indian Facilitation Centre
- Desi
- Dom people
- Lom people
- Romani people
- Elam
- List of NRIs
- Mitanni
- Indophobia
- Indianized kingdom
- Indian diaspora in East Africa
- Expulsion of Indians from Burma in 1962
- Expulsion of Indians in Uganda in 1972
- Zanzibar Revolution
- Punjabi diaspora
- Bangladeshi diaspora
- Pakistani diaspora
- Tamil diaspora
- Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora
[edit] Notes
- ^ Includes NRI population in Réunion, Guadeloupe and Martinique.
[edit] References
- ^ Expatriate Indians in UAE not hit by global meltdown
- ^ http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/PIO/Introduction_PIO.html
- ^ http://www.indiacgny.org/php/showContent.php?linkid=174
- ^ The History and Origin of the Roma
- ^ Hancock, Ian. Ame Sam e Rromane Džene/We are the Romani people. p. 13. ISBN 1902806190.
- ^ The Indian Diaspora In Russia
- ^ http://www.immi.gov.au/media/statistics/study/_pdf/2006_07_grants_combined.pdf
- ^ Book1
- ^ http://cqoj.typepad.com/chest/2005/02/english_version.html
- ^ Kesavapany, K.; Mani, A; P. Ramasamy. Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 234. ISBN 9812307990.
- ^ Indians in Te Ara: the Encyclopaedia of New Zealand: http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/NewZealandPeoples/Indians/en
- ^ Singhs, Ajit (2007). Indian Communities in Southeast Asia. Philippines: Institute of Southeast Asia studies. http://books.google.com/books?id=TeExjdWUmJYC&pg=PA717&lpg=PA717&dq=Indian+population+of+the+Philippines&source=web&ots=PUISKsymTd&sig=NhQpjcw1jjli3NRdzG-tPThkL3s&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA707,M1.
- ^ http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=13675
- ^ 1.6 million Indians in the UK
- ^ http://www.pbs.org/rootsinthesand/i_bhagat1.html
- ^ http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter7.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter8.pdf
- ^ a b c d e http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter3.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Overseas Indian Population 2001. Little India.
- ^ Where big can be bothersome. The Hindu. January 07, 2001.
- ^ Data for 2001. From Lal, Brij V. (Gen. ed.), The Encyclopedia of the Indian Diaspora. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2006, p.144
- ^ Indian Diaspora in the Philippines
- ^ http://www.moj.go.jp/PRESS/090710-1/090710-3.pdf
- ^ http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter1.pdf
- ^ a b c d e http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter2.pdf
- ^ http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/12988.asp
- ^ A microcosm of India in the heart of oil-rich Kuwait
- ^ Indians in Israel
- ^ http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter4.pdf
- ^ http://www.indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/part1-est.pdf
- ^ Indian population growth
- ^ [www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D6588.xls "The UK population: By ethnic group, April 2001"]. Office for National Statistics. www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D6588.xls. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
- ^ Indians in England
- ^ Indians in Scotland
- ^ Indians in Wales
- ^ Indians in Northern Ireland
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter11.pdf
- ^ http://meaindia.nic.in/foreignrelation/romania.pdf
- ^ Asian Indian Population Estimates United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 June 2009
- ^ Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data
- ^ http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter16.pdf
- ^ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=102818&rog3=JM/
- ^ http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=CU
- ^ http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=NT
- ^ http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=AC&sf=primarylanguagename&so=asc
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/quickstats-about-culture-identity/quickstats-about-culture-and-identity.htm?page=para015Master
[edit] External links
- Overseas Indian Facilitation Centre A not-for-profit public private initiative between the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA) and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).
- Indian Diaspora, Official Government of India Website
- Indian Diaspora; The National Portal of Government of India
- Indian diaspora in New Zealand, A bibliography of published sources
- NRI Madhya Pradesh, Official Government Website
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