Battleground Chhattisgarh यह मृत्यु उपत्यका मेरा देश नहीं है ४ लाख कोटींच्या रखडलेल्या प्रकल्पांना मंजुरी মাওবাদী ভীতি সঙ্গে নিয়েই আজ নির্বাচন

Battleground

Chhattisgarh

यह मृत्यु

उपत्यका मेरा

देश नहीं है

४ लाख कोटींच्या रखडलेल्या प्रकल्पांना मंजुरी

মাওবাদী ভীতি সঙ্গে নিয়েই আজ নির্বাচন

Palash Biswas

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মাওবাদী ভীতি সঙ্গে

নিয়েই আজ নির্বাচন

আতঙ্কিত পুলিশ মাওবাদীদের কাছে এমনকি সাময়িক অস্ত্রবিরতির আবেদনও জানিয়েছে৷ বস্তার রেঞ্জের আইজিপি অরুণ দেব গৌতম বলেন, 'যে নিরাপত্তাকর্মীরা এখন আসছেন, তাঁরা কোনও লড়াই কি সংঘর্ষের জন্য আসছেন না৷ ভোটপর্ব যাতে নির্বিঘ্নে মেটে, সেইটুকুই দেখা এঁদের দায়িত্ব৷ মাওবাদীদের কাছে আমার তাই আবেদন, আপনারা মানুষকে তাঁদের গণতান্ত্রিক অধিকার রক্ষা করতে দিন৷ আমি আপনাদের কাছে অস্ত্রবিরতির আবেদন জানাচ্ছি৷' হামলার ভয়ে রবিবার রাতেই সুকমা থেকে ফিরে এসেছে ভোটকর্মীদের দু'টি দল৷

Tight security as Chhattisgarh votes, 40% turnout in first few hours

Hindustan Times

- ‎6 minutes ago‎

The first phase of assembly polls in Chhattisgarh's 18 constituencies of Bastar region and Rajnandgaon district on Monday saw 40% voters exercising their franchise in the first few hours amid Maoist violence in many areas, the joint chief electoral officer DD ...

Opinion:Live updates: Chhattisgarh polls phase I - Voting picks up amid blast, clashDaily News & Analysis

In-depth:Chhattisgarh polls - Live: 28% voting till noon; bombs, IEDs recoveredZee News

RelatedChhattisgarh »Bastar district »Raman Singh »

छत्तीसगढ़ में संगीनों के साए के बीच प्रथम चरण का मतदान जारी है। सोमवार सुबह शुरू हुए मतदान के दौरान दंतेवाड़ में पोलिंग बूथ के बाहर सुरक्षा बलों ने दो आईईडी बरामद किए हैं, जिन्हें विस्फोट कर आतंक फैलाने के लिए लगाया गया था। वहीं कांकेर जिले में भी सुरक्षाबलों और नक्सलियों के बीच मुठभेड़ होने की खबर है। अंतागढ़ के दुर्गापुर और सीतापुर में पोलिंग पार्टी के मतदान केंद्र पर न पहुंच पाने के कारण मतदान रद्द कर दिया गया है।

भारत लोकगणराज्य हो

या फिर उदित भारत

या भारत निर्माण

या निरंकुश मुक्त बाजार

सबसे बड़ा खतरा

यही है जनादेश

की राजनीति

और आर्थिक

नरसंहार के मध्य

कि दोस्तों

यह देश अब सिर्फ

मुर्दा नक्शा है

जिसमें जिंदा लोगों

की कोई धड़कन नहीं हैं

जनआकांक्षाएं नहीं हैं

युवास्वप्न नहीं है

सेक्स है अबाध

मुक्त सेक्स है

देहमुक्ति है

और देह का

कारोबार भी है

है अनंत बलात्कार

और उत्पीड़न

प्रेम कहीं नहीं है

कहीं भी नहीं है प्रेम

नागरिक हैं बायमेट्रिक

और डिजिटल भी

आनलाइन

उत्तर आधुनिक

लेकिन मनुष्य नहीं हैं

न मनुष्यता कहीं

बची है

पाशविक उल्लास है

हिंसक उत्सव है

अश्लील क्रयशक्ति है

मिथ्या स्टेटस है

बाकी सारे लोग

अप्रवासी भारतीय हैं

घनघोर धर्मोन्मादी

हो गये हैं लोग

आस्था अब राजकीय है

निजता पर पहरा है

आसमान ढंके ड्रोन का

लेकिन धर्म नहीं कहीं

धर्म निरपेक्षता है

धर्मोन्मादी वह भी है

राजनीतिक हथियार

दांपत्य अब भी है

साथ रहने की

बाध्यता है

लेकिन संबंध

कोई नहीं है

न परिवार है

और न समाज

है कहीं

संस्कृति है

धर्मोन्माद में निष्णात

पवित्र ग्रंथ हैं

प्रवचन है

प्रार्थना है

लेकिन धर्मस्थलों

में कैद है ईश्वर

ईश्वर को छूने

का कोई प्रयत्न है नहीं

भक्त है अंध

और मसीहा तमाम

जिंदा मांस के लोभी

मांस का दरिया है

और

आग का दरिया भी है

दोनों बाजार

मातृभाषा है

कहीं कहीं राजकीय भी है

मातृभाषा, लेकिन

राजकाज अपारदर्शी

और भाषा

बाजार का औजार

कहीं कोई कविता

है ही नहीं

न सौंदर्यबोध है कोई

कामोत्तेजना की

अभिव्यक्ति है

रचनाकर्म

समाज वास्तव

सामाजिक य़थार्थ

सिरे से गायब है

मठ है

मठाधीश हैं उनसे ज्यादा

जनसंगठन हैं

जन आंदोलन नहीं है

सिर्फ धन बनाने

की मशीनें हैं

संसाधन है

साध्य है नहीं

माध्यम है

मंजिल कोई नहीं

मृगतृष्णा है

मृगमरीचिका भी है

कहीं नहीं है

कोई मरुद्यान

सिर्फ रेगिस्तान है

और रेत में

सर गढ़ाये शुतुरमुर्ग है

तेल कुंओं की आग

छूने लगी है

ग्लेशियर

घाटियां सब डूब हैं

खेत सारे श्मशान

गांव हैं अब भी

लेकिन खुले बाजार में

तब्दील है गांव भी

रिश्ते हैं

पर रिश्तेदारी में

सिक्कों की खनक के

सिवाय बचा नही कुछ

मित्रता है

फेसबुक वाली

कभी भी कोई

असली प्रोफाइल

लोड नहीं करता कोई

फर्जी आईडी है

गालीगलौज खूब है

माटी नहीं है कहीं

न गोबर है कहीं

कीचड़ है

दलदल इस देश

में बहुत

आम लोगों की क्या कहें

अब खास लोग भी

खूब खेल रहे हैं

कीचड़ की होली

समाचार है

लेकिन सूचना नहीं है

नहीं है कुशल क्षेम

नहीं है शुभ कामनायें

फर्जी औपचारिकता हैं

नरमेध यज्ञों की

बच्चे अब भी

जनम रहे हैं

मां की कोख

हो रही है खत्म

किराये पर कोख है

और वीर्य भी भाड़े पर

मातृत्व भी अब

कारोबार है

अंत्योदय है मातृत्व

मातृत्व को

किराये पर

चढ़ाने वाले लोग

कोख को अंत्योदय

का सामान बनाने वाले लोग

धर्मोन्माद के

सबसे महान झंडेवरदार

युद्ध अपराधी तमाम

बच्चे हैं

लेकिन बचपन नहीं है

शैशव नहीं है

कैशोर्य नहीं है

तारुण्य नहीं है

सबकुछ कृत्तिम

बाजारु यौवन

में निष्णात

मां बाप हैं अब भी

अपने अपने फिराक में हैं

मां बाप इन दिनों

और हर बच्चा

दरअसल

लावारिश है

हर बच्चे में

रोबोट है

और रोबोट में

वाइरस है

वाइरस प्रदिद्वंद्विता

वाइरस एकाधिकारवादी

निहित स्वार्थ

वाइरस देहमुक्ति का

वाइरस सरोकारों

से अलगाव का

वाइरस

देश बेच डालने का

वाइरस घृणा

वाइरस हिंसा

वाइरस अराजकता

वाइरस अनास्था

वाइरस औधत्य बेइंतहा

वाइरस अपराध

वाइरस राष्ट्रद्रोह

वाइरस अनादर्श

वाइरस मूल्यहीनता

वाइरस मिथ्या

वाइरस दंभ

वाइरस आत्मघाती

देश अब देश कहीं नहीं है

देश अब अंध अस्मिताओं

का गठजोड़

देश अब निरंकुश क्षत्रपों का

गुलाम

देश अब शापिंग माल

देश अब शेयर बाजार

देश अब बार रेस्तरां

डिस्कोथेक

और आईपीएल

देश अब कारपोरेट

कंपनियां तमाम

देश अब इंडिया

इनकारपोरेशन

देश अब कालाधन

देश अब स्विस बैंक

देश अब घोटाला

देश अब

सशस्त्र सैन्य बल कानून

या देश फिर सलवा जुड़ुम है

देश अब आसमान में

गगन घटा गहरानी नहीं

देश अब हिमालयी

जलसुनामी है

या जलप्लावित

जनपद

या फिर आधार कार्ड

या आईपीओ

या महज विकास दर

या विकास का आंकड़ा

देश अब प्रदेश है

प्रदेश अब राजधानी है

कहीं कोई जनपद है ही नहीं

जनपद सारे मृगया क्षेत्र

जहां हर शिशु के लिए

शब्दभेदी वाण हैं

देश अब कत्लगाह

बेइंतहा

और मुर्दा राष्ट्रगान

या फिर क्रिकेट मैच कोई

या फिल्मोत्सव

या रियेलिटी शो

या कोरपोरेट लाबिइंग

है यह देश

हत्यारों का मुक्तांचल है देश

दंगाइयों का मुक्तांचल है देश

राष्ट्रद्रोहियों को निरंकुश

अल्पमत जनादेश है देश

देश है आलू प्याज की रणनीति

देश है अविराम जलविवाद

देश है मानवनिर्मित आपदाएं

देश है राज्यों का बंटवारा

देश है जिलों का बंटावारा

देश है चुनावक्षेत्र

बाकी देश कहीं नहीं है

जो है सलवा जुड़ुम है

या फिर हिमालयवध

की हरिकथा अनंत है

पूर्वोत्तर में सुलगता

दावानल है देश

या फिर गृहबंदी

दंडकारण्य है

या लहूलुहान कश्मीर है

यह देश

अनवरत युद्ध है देश

अविराम गृहयुद्ध है देश

यह देश न संस्कृति है

न मातृभाषा है यह देश

न भूगोल है देश

न विरासत है देश

न इतिहास है देश

अब यहां नदियां

बंधती हैं सिर्फ

बाकी कोई बंधन नहीं

देश अब

अबाध विदेशी पूंजी है

फर्जी मुठभेड़ है देश

जुल्मोसितम की

इंतहा है देश

यह मृत्यु

उपत्यका मेरा

देश नहीं है

जहां किसी का सुर

किसी के सुर

में मिलता नही हैं अब

४ लाख कोटींच्या रखडलेल्या प्रकल्पांना मंजुरी

मोठी गुंतवणूक करणाऱ्या प्रकल्पांपुढील समस्या दूर करण्यासाठी आणि या प्रकल्पांना गती देण्यासाठी यंदा जूनमध्ये स्थापन करण्यात आलेल्या पंतप्रधानांच्या ' प्रकल्प देखरेख गटा ' ने आतापर्यंत ४.३० लाख कोटी रुपयांच्या १२८ प्रकल्पांना मंजुरी दिली आहे.

प्रकल्पांबाबत निर्णय घेताना, या गटाने ऊर्जा क्षेत्रातील रखडलेल्या एकूण ३.८० लाख कोटी रुपयांच्या ९४ प्रकल्पांच्या अंमलबजावणीचा मार्ग मोकळा करून दिला आहे.वेबसाइटवर यासंदर्भात दिलेल्या माहितीनुसार, विविध प्रकारच्या मंजुरींच्या प्रतीक्षेत असलेल्या आणि एकूण १७.२३ लाख कोटी रुपयांची गुंतवणूक प्रस्तावित असलेल्या ३७८ रखडलेल्या प्रकल्पांची यादी या गटाने केली आहे. त्यापैकी अंदाजे ५०० कोटी रुपये गुंतवणुकीच्या, तेल व वायू, रेल्वे, स्टील, रस्ते व हायवे, शिपिंग, नागरी विमान वाहतूक आणि खाणी या क्षेत्रातील प्रकल्पांपुढील अडथळेही या गटाने दूर केले आहेत.मंजुरी मिळालेल्या प्रकल्पांमध्ये मुंबई‌ विमानतळावर नवे टर्मिनल उभारण्यासाठीचा १२ हजार कोटी रुपयांचा प्रकल्प, स्टरलाइट एनर्जीचा १२ हजार कोटी रुपयांचा ऊर्जाप्रकल्प व अडानी पॉवरचा ९ हजार ९०० कोटी रुपयांचा प्रकल्प आदींचा समावेश आहे.

किसका पंजा ज्यादा ख़ूनी

कांग्रेस का या मोदी का?

कांग्रेस का 1984 वाला

या मोदी का 2002 वाला?

S.r. Darapuri

मेरा भारत महान क्योंकि भारत देवभूमि है मनुष्य भूमि नहीं ! यह देवों के लिए सवर्ग है और मनुष्यों के लिए नरक.

Himanshu Kumar

ये जो भारत में मारे जा रहे हैं , कभी मुज़फ्फर नगर में कभी नारायण पुर बाथे में , कभी दंतेवाड़ा के सारकेगुडा में , लगता है ये सब इनके पुनर्जन्म के पापों का फल है .

इन्होने पिछले जनम में पाप करे होंगे जो इस देश में जनम लिया .

अगर पिछले जनम में पुन्य किये होते तो शायद यूरोप में जनम मिलता .

अबकी बार कोई बोले कि जी भारत में जन्म मिलना सौभाग्य की बात है तो उससे उसकी जाति और धरम ज़रूर पूछ लेना .

क्योंकि भारत में जनम लेना सबके लिए भाग्यशाली नहीं है .

कुछ लोगों के लिए तो ये जन्म का परिवार ही अभिशाप बन जाता है .

आपको किसी मुसलमान परिवार में जन्म लेने के कारण ही जन्म से देशद्रोही माना जा सकता है

आपको दलित होने के जुर्म में जिंदा जलाया जा सकता है .

आपको महिला होने के कारण पेट में ही मारा जा सकता है .

आपके आदिवासी होने के कारण आपकी बेटियों के कोख में पत्थर भरे जा सकते हैं .

बदलो इस हालत को जल्द से जल्द .

Like ·  · Share · 4 hours ago · Edited ·

Himanshu Kumar

November 7

मेरे दोस्त और रिश्तेदार मुझसे नाराज़ हैं . कहते हैं पहले तुम पुलिस का विरोध करते थे और आदिवासियों की तरफदारी करते थे . अब मुज़फ्फर नगर दंगों के बाद तुम मुसलमानों की तरफदारी कर रहे हो .

और मैं सोच रहा हूँ कि बस्तर में चावल लेकर लौट रहे आदिवासी बूढ़ी माँ के बेटे के मार दिए जाने पर मैं उसकी तरफ से ना बोलता तो क्या करता ?

मुज़फ्फर नगर दंगों के बाद राहत शिविर में रहने वाले गरीब मुसलमान औरतों बच्चों के लिए ना बोलूं तो किसकी तरफ से बोलूँ ?

मेरी देशभक्ति और मेरा धर्म मुझे कमज़ोर और पीड़ित की तरफ से बोलने की ताकत देता है .

धर्म और देशभक्ति देश के लोगों को मारने का नाम नहीं है .

Himanshu Kumar

November 7 near Delhi · Edited

हमारी हालत कोई दूसरा ही सुधार सकता है . हमारा भला कोई दूसरा ही कर सकता है . या तो हमारा भला राम जी करेंगे , या हनुमान जी या मोदी या केजरीवाल .

तब तक हम भ्रष्टाचार कर के अमीर बनने का काम पूरा कर लें , साथ में अपने देश के मुसलमानों को , भंगियों को चमारों को , आदिवासियों को पीट लेते हैं .

हमें ऐसा नेता या भगवान चाहिए जो हमें ऐसी व्यवस्था दे दे जिसमें बिना मेहनत किये अमीर बना जा सके , हमें ऐसी राजनैतिक और धार्मिक व्यवस्था चाहिए जो ये मानती हो कि हम सबसे महान धर्म वाले और सबसे ऊंची जाति के श्रेष्ठ लोग हैं और भारत में हमारा दबदबा बना रहना ही देशभक्ति है.

जो भी बिना मेहनत किये हमारे अमीर बनने को या हमारी जातीय और धार्मिक श्रेष्ठता को चुनौती देगा हम उस व्यक्ति या विचार को देश के लिए खतरा घोषित कर देंगे .

यही हमारी देशभक्ति है और यही हमारी राजनीति है .

छत्तीसगढ़ LIVE...मतदान जारी, दोपहर 1 बजे तक 38 फीसदी वोटिंग

त्तीसगढ़ में हो रहे विधानसभा चुनाव में पहले चरण के मतदान के लिए आज राज्य के नक्सल प्रभावित बस्तर और राजनांदगांव क्षेत्र में कड़ी सुरक्षा व्यवस्था के बीच मतदान प्रारंभ हो गया। दोपहर 1 बजे तक लगभग 38 फीसदी मतदाताओं ने अपने मताधिकार का प्रयोग कर लिया है। वहीं राज्य के कांकेर जिले में नक्सली हमले की वजह से दो मतदान केंद्र तक मतदान दल नहीं पहुंच पाया है।

     

राज्य के मुख्य निर्वाचन पदाधिकारी कार्यालय के अधिकारियों ने आज बताया कि बस्तर क्षेत्र के 12 तथा राजनांदगांव के एक विधानसभा सीट पर सुबह सात बजे से मतदान प्रारंभ हुआ है तथा दोपहर बाद तीन बजे तक मतदान होगा। वहीं पांच अन्य सीटों पर सुबह आठ बजे मतदान प्रारंभ हुआ है तथा शाम पांच बजे तक मतदान कराए जाएंगे।

     

अधिकारियों ने बताया कि राज्य के कांकेर जिले में नक्सली हमले की वजह से मतदान केंद्र क्रमांक 115 छोटे पखांजूर और मतदान केंद्र क्रमांक 118 सीतारमैया में चुनाव प्रारंभ नहीं हो सका था। यहां पुलिस की कड़ी सुरक्षा व्यवस्था के बीच मतदान दलों को केंद्र तक पहुंचाने तक कोशिश की जा रही है।

     

उन्होंने बताया कि इधर दंतेवाड़ा जिले के कुछ मतदान केंद्रों के पास नक्सली गोलीबारी की खबर है। हालांकि वहां मतदान प्रभावित नहीं हुआ है। राज्य में शांतिपूर्ण मतदान के लिए बड़ी संख्या में सुरक्षा बलों के जवानों को तैनात किया गया है। रविवार को मतदान दलों को मतदान केंद्रों के लिए रवाना कर दिया गया था।

   

अधिकारियों ने बताया कि प्रथम चरण में कुल 143 उम्मीदवार चुनाव मैदान में है। इनमें से सबसे ज्यादा राजनांदगांव और जगदलपुर में 14-14 तथा सबसे कम कोंटा में चार उम्मीदवार हैं। पहले चरण में 29 लाख 33 हजार दो सौ मतदाता है। जिनमें से पुरूष मतदाताओं की संख्या 14 लाख 53 हजार 730 तथा महिला मतदाताओं की संख्या 14 लाख 78 हजार 659 है। वहीं 811 सर्विस वोटर हैं।

   

उन्होंने बताया कि प्रथम चरण में कुल मतदान केंद्र 4142 हैं जिनमें से 1517 मतदान केंद्र संवेदनशील तथा 1311 मतदान केंद्र अति संवेदनशील हैं। वहीं 2700 मतदान केंद्रों में कैमरे लगाए गए हैं। अधिकारियों ने बताया कि पहले चरण में 167 मतदान केंद्रों को अन्य स्थानों पर स्थानांतरित किया गया है। राजधानी रायपुर में एक एयर एंबूलेंस की भी व्यवस्था की गई है।

1. Chhattisgarh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarh‎

3. Chhattisgarh (Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ Chattīsgaṛh pronounced [tʃʰʌttiːsɡʌɽʱ]) is a state in Central India. It is the 10th largest state in India, with an area of ...

4. ‎List of districts of Chhattisgarh - ‎Raipur - ‎Chief Ministers - ‎Tourism

5. News for Chhattisgarh

6. Times of India

• Chhattisgarh polls live: 28 per cent polling, no voting in two booths after Maoist attack

• India Today ‎- 18 minutes ago

• Maoist threat looms over the Assembly elections in Chhattisgarhwhere the first phase of polling will be held in areas dominated by the ultras on ...

• Maoists plan to use teenagers in school uniform to target Chhattisgarh polls

• Times of India‎ - by Deeptiman Tiwary‎ - 4 hours ago

• Chhattisgarh polls: Voting begins in first phase amid high security

• NDTV‎ - 6 hours ago

7. Chhattisgarh: Latest News, Videos, Photos | Times of India

8. timesofindia.indiatimes.com › Topics‎

9. See Chhattisgarh Latest News, Photos, Biography, Videos and Wallpapers.Chhattisgarh profile on Times of India.

10. Official website of Chhattisgarh Tourism Board :

11. www.chhattisgarhtourism.net/‎

12. Details of the principal attractions in the state, includes also multimedia showcase, and details of fairs and festivals.

13. Images for Chhattisgarh

14. - Report images

15. Chhattisgarh - Business Standard

16. www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Chhattisgarh‎

17. As Chhattisgarh goes to polls in two phases, November 11 and 19, we look at the assets of the ... Maoists ask villagers to stay away from Chhattisgarh elections.

18. Chhattisgarh - The Hindu

19. www.thehindu.com/topics/?categoryId=111‎

20. More on Chhattisgarh AND: imprisonment, sexual assault & rape. Kanker ... Justice deliverance slowing down in Chhattisgarh district, RTI reveals. A series of ...

21. Polling begins in Chhattisgarh today - The Hindu

22. www.thehindu.com › News › National‎

23. 13 hours ago - On Monday, 12 constituencies of south Chhattisgarh's seven districts and six constituencies in Rajnandgaon are going to polls. In 2008, the ...

24. Chhattisgarh polls: Voting begins in first phase amid high security ...

25. www.ndtv.com/.../chhattisgarh-polls-voting-for-first-phase-today-amid-h...‎

26. 6 hours ago - Amid heavy security, 18 constituencies in the Naxal strongholds of Bastar and Rajnandgaon will go to polls today in Chhattisgarh.

27. Welcome to the Official Website of the High Court of Chhattisgarh

28. highcourt.cg.gov.in/‎

29. HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR ... Following shall be the Roster of High Court of Chhattisgarh, Bilaspur w.e.f. 07.10.2013. PDF; Speech of ...

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• छत्तीसगढ़ चुनाव: नक्सलियों ने किया मतदान दल पर हमला

• कांग्रेस उम्मीदवार-भाजपा कार्यकर्ता के बीच मारपीट, मामला दर्ज

• छत्तीसगढ़: बारूदी सुरंग में विस्फोट, दो जवान घायल

• छत्तीसगढ़ के नक्सल प्रभावित क्षेत्रों में मतदान आज

• छत्तीसगढ़ चुनाव: भाजपा को अपनों से ही चुनौती

• छत्तीसगढ़ के 2700 मतदान केन्द्रों पर होगी कैमरे से निगरानी

• छत्तीसगढ़ की 18 विधानसभा क्षेत्रों में प्रचार समाप्त

• आरक्षित सीटों पर महिलाओं की संख्या पुरुषों से अधिक

http://www.livehindustan.com/news/vishesh/chhattisgarh/article1-First-phase-of-Chhattisgarh-polls-tomorrow-amid-high-security-106-132-375968.html

* NDTV See realtime coverage

Chhattisgarh polls live: 28 per cent polling, no voting in two booths after ... India Today - ‎3 minutes ago‎ 01.02 pm: Twenty-eight per cent of the electorate exercised their franchise till 11 am during the first phase of Chhattisgarh Assembly polls. 12.58 pm: Voting failed to kick-start in two hyper-sensitive polling booths Durgapur and Sitaram in Kanker. No ... Live Updating:Chhattisgarh live: 28% voting till 11 am amid Naxal threatFirstpost RelatedBastar district »Raman Singh » * NDTV * IBNLive * Zee News * The Hindu * Indian Express * NDTV * Times of India * Indian Express * India Today * IBNLive * Hindustan Times * Indian Express * Business Standard * Hindu Business Line * Times of India * NDTV * Business Standard

* Times of India

Maoists plan to use teenagers in school uniform to target Chhattisgarhpolls Times of India 11 hours ago * Written by Deeptiman Tiwary NEW DELHI: The Chhattisgarh administration faces a big challenge as the state goes to the polls on Monday. Intelligence inputs suggest that Maoists are likely to use teenagers dressed in school uniform to target security forces while cadres posing as ...

Chhattisgarh goes to polls in the shadow of guns Hindustan Times - ‎5 hours ago‎ Exactly a month ago, Indian intelligence picked up news about a bespectacled man approaching his seventies - salt fast edging out pepper in his hair - delivering a speech at Abujmaad of Narayanpur district in Chhattisgarh's Bastar. 'Abuj' stands for ...

* Firstpost

The fight for Chhattisgarh The Hindu - ‎12 hours ago‎ It is not often that the main opposition party is forced on the defensive in an election. In Chhattisgarh, voter fatigue and the anti-incumbency sentiment seem to be a bigger drag on the Congress, which heads the United Progressive Alliance government ...

* The Hindu

Polling begins in Chhattisgarh today The Hindu - ‎12 hours ago‎ On Monday, 12 constituencies of south Chhattisgarh'sseven districts and six constituencies in Rajnandgaon are going to polls.

Red terror shadow over Chhattisgarh polls, blast on eve of voting Hindustan Times - ‎11 hours ago‎ A day before voters in 18 assembly seats in and around the Maoist stronghold of Bastar cast their ballot, a blast engineered by the rebels on Sunday gave a chilling reminder of their clout in the southern region of Chhattisgarh. Two Indo-Tibetan Border ...

Chhattisgarh Fact File Wall Street Journal (blog) - ‎4 hours ago‎ Chhattisgarh goes to the polls today, the first of five states to hold assembly elections before the end of the year. Voting in the central Indian state will take place in two phases, on Nov. 11 and Nov. 19.

IED blast in poll-bound Chhattisgarh, two Army jawans injured Zee News - ‎17 hours ago‎ Raipur: A day ahead of the Assembly Elections in Chhattisgarh, Naxals in the Maoist-hit Rajnandgaon district triggered an improvised explosive device (IED) blast that rocked Baldongri village here on Sunday evening.

Garhwa on high alert ahead of Chhattisgarh polls Times of India - ‎2 hours ago‎ GARHWA: In the wake of assembly election in Chhattisgarh, security arrangement has been beefed up in the Naxal-affected Bhandaria police station area and adjacent areas of Garhwa district borderingChhattisgarh. Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh police have ...

* Times of India

Chhattisgarh starts poll fight with voting Monday The New Indian Express - ‎5 hours ago‎ The battle of the hustings begins in earnest fromChhattisgarh on Monday with voting in assembly polls taking place in constituencies in Maoist-affected areas of the state.

Chhattisgarh Assembly Polls: Maoist-hit Bastar to vote on Monday Indian Express - ‎5 hours ago‎ Outside the Bastar Commissioner's office in Jagdalpur stand three boards, erected over consecutive summers. They all say "special judicial probe commission", followed by, respectively, 'Arson in Taadmetla, Morpalli and Timmapuram villages (March 2011 ...

* Times of India

Chhattisgarh polls: Bastar votes today amid unprecedented security Times of India - ‎12 hours ago‎ RAIPUR: An estimated 30 lakh voters in 18 ofChhattisgarh's worst Maoist-hit constituencies will vote in the first phase of elections today amid exceptional security measures in the Bastar region following a boycott call given by the insurgents ...

Chhattisgarh polls 2013: BJP faces tough fight from Congress in Bilaspur Zee News - ‎7 minutes ago‎ A lot of work like repair of dilapidated roads and removal of encroachment from pavements can be seen going on in Bilaspur, one of the major cities of Chhattisgarh, which will go to polls on November 19. BJP nominee and state health minister Amar ...

Chhattisgarh polls: In shadow of guns, poll staff head for booths Daily News & Analysis - ‎1 hour ago‎ Polling staff prepare food at a school in Netanar village of Jagdalpur district. They in this school before leaving for their polling booths.

* The Hindu

Chhattisgarh phase I polls on Monday amid high security The Hindu - ‎20 hours ago‎ Chief Minister Raman Singh and his three ministers are among the candidates whose fate will be decided on Monday when 18 assembly constituencies in the worst Naxal-hit regions of Bastar and Rajnandgaon go to polls amid heavy security in the first ...

* Indian Express

Chhattisgarh: Securing democracy for people The Hindu - ‎Nov 9, 2013‎ Deepak Karma said that his father had given his life to save his community, the Dandami Marias of southChhattisgarh. Deepak was campaigning for his mother, Devati Karma, the Congress candidate of Dantewada.

No road so no vote, say 2 Chhattisgarh villages Daily News & Analysis - ‎5 hours ago‎ Villager after villager that dna spoke to in Koleng had no knowledge of either the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGA) or the health insurance through smart cards that the Chhattisgarh state government claims to have ...

* Business Standard

Chhattisgarh voters to seal fate of 143 candidates, govt today Business Standard - ‎19 hours ago‎ The fate of Chief Minister Raman Singh and the BJP government in Chhattisgarh would be sealed in the Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) on Monday.

* The Hindu

Chhattisgarh: Rebel candidates may spoil the party in both camps The Hindu - ‎Nov 9, 2013‎ Malkit Singh Gaidu, the Congress leader of Jagdalpur, is not a happy man. He was almost certain to get a Congress ticket from the only general category seat of south Chhattisgarh, Jagdalpur, but the "Rahul-formula" hit him. The formula is based in part ...

Chhattisgarh gets major security blanket for Assembly elections tomorrow India Today - ‎21 hours ago‎ According to the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), 564 companies of security forces comprising 56,400 men have moved intoChhattisgarh, the only state among five where polling will be spread over two days. Of the 564 companies, 132 are from the ...

आरोप होताच नेतागिरी बंद!

*

मटा ऑनलाइन वृत्त । नवी दिल्ली

दोन वर्षांपेक्षा अधिक शिक्षा झाल्यास लोकप्रतिनिधित्व रद्द करण्याच्या न्यायालयाच्या आदेशामुळे राजकीय नेत्यांचे धाबे दणाणले असतानाच केंद्रीय कायदेमंत्री कपिल सिब्बल यांनी राजकारण्यांवर नवा बॉम्ब टाकला आहे. एखाद्या राजकीय व्यक्तीवर गंभीर गुन्ह्याचा नुसता आरोपही झाला तरी त्याला निवडणूक लढविण्यास बंदी करण्याचा प्रस्ताव सिब्बल यांनी तयार केला आहे. लवकरच तो केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडळापुढे ठेवला जाणार आहे.

एका मुलाखतीत सिब्बल यांनी या महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रस्तावाचे सुतोवाच केले. 'खून, बलात्कार, अपहरणासारख्या गुन्ह्यात दोषींना कमीत कमी सात वर्षांची शिक्षा होते. यावरूनच या गुन्ह्यांचे गांभीर्य लक्षात येते. मात्र, अनेकदा गंभीर गुन्ह्यांचे आरोप सिद्धच होत नाहीत. त्यामुळे गुन्हेगार उजळ माथ्याने वावरतात आणि निवडणुकाही लढतात. हे टाळण्यासाठी गंभीर गुन्ह्यांचा आरोप न्यायालयात सिद्ध होवो न होवो, संबंधित आरोपीला निवडणूक लढविण्यास बंदी करायला हवी, असे आपले ठाम मत असल्याचे सिब्बल यांनी सांगितले.

'वैयक्तिक पातळीवर मी या विधेयकाचा मसुदा तयार केला आहे. तसेच यासंदर्भात कायदा आयोगाचा सल्लाही मागविला आहे. या प्रस्तावाविषयी पक्षातील कोणाशीही चर्चा झालेली नाही. पुढील अधिवेशनाच्या आधी हा प्रस्ताव केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडळात सादर करू. या प्रस्तावाला निश्चितच गती मिळेल,' असा विश्वास सिब्बल यांनी व्यक्त केला.

कलंकित लोकप्रतिनिधींचे पद रद्द करण्याच्या न्यायालयाच्या आदेशामुळे नुकतीच 'चारा घोटाळा'फेम लालू प्रसाद यादव, रशीद मसूद यांची खासदारकी रद्द झाली आहे. कपिल सिब्बल यांचा हा प्रस्ताव प्रत्यक्षात आल्यास मात्र अनेक नेते व मंत्र्यांना राजकारणातून हद्दपार व्हावे लागणार आहे.

http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/nation/Sibal-proposes-bill-to-keep-criminals-away-from-politics/articleshow/25581958.cms

Abhiram Mallick

Nuapada ek dalit-Adivasi bahul zilla he. magar us zilla me unlogon ki halat bahot kharab he.Am Bahujano ki bat to chhdiye, us zilla me nijukti panewala is catagory ki karmachari aur adhikarion ki halat to dayniya he. iIsd barg ki BDO,tahasildar ho ya ar kuchh vi shirsh post panewala ho. unke birodh me visilance lagaya jata he ,fir suspend kiya jata he. yesa kyun hota he ? kya dalit Adivasi log sirf corrupt he ?even court ki abhelna kartehue Yahan ke police Sonepur ki ADM ko vi arrest Karke jail bhej deta he ? Yesa kyun hota he ?

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Vidya Bhushan Rawat

SPG should be renamed as Sewak Protection Group so that every aspiring sewak Could get protection under the act. Every Indian would definitely like to be a sewak if such an elite group protect them.

Like ·  · Share · Yesterday at 8:34am via mobile ·

Lenin Raghuvanshi shared PVCHR's event.

In the south Asia region, spate of organised violence, police torture, discrimination, physical and psychological attacks on religious minorities have emerged as a real threat for the pluralist and secular democracies. Attacks on Hindu and Christian communities in Pakistan and Bangladesh and targeting of Muslim and Christian communities in India are being increasingly used as a political weapon by the communal and fascist forces. In an attempt to strengthen the composite secular culture and establish rule of law in the country, People's Vigilance Committee on Human Rights(PVCHR), Varanasi and Human Rights Law Network(HRLN), New Delhi have documented over 1500 cases of human rights violations after comprehensive fact finding exercises in the last 3 years with support of European Union and PVCHR. These cases relate to police torture and communal violence which have affected the minority Muslim community most in Uttar Pradesh. These organisations have legally intervened in these cases and have prepared an analytical report based on the facts and ground experiences during the course of action.

https://www.facebook.com/events/255293181290040/

Dalit Mat

about an hour ago ·

• Devang Seth नाम के एक साथी का मैसेज मिला है। आपलोगों से साझा कर रहा हूं, सारा कुछ उन्हीं के शब्दों में है। उन्होंने अपने सवाल का जवाब मांगा है --

• -------------------------------------------------

• मेरा नाम देवांग है मै बिजनौर ज़िला उत्तर प्रदेश में निवास करता हूँ कहने को कुछ ख़ास नहीं है क्योकि मैं एक नाकाम शख्श हूँ। … मैं भी मोदी का एक दीवाना था या हूँ जो भी। ।पर एक सवाल जिसका सामना मुझे कही घर से बहार निकल कर पता चला मैं एक ग्राम जिसका नाम अकबरपुर देवीदास वाला मंडावर बिजनौर मैं जा कर पता चला वह पर मेरे एक परिचित श्री राजपाल सिंह रहते है। ।उन्होने एक मंदिर जो अपनी दिवंगत बेटी याद में और अपने बड़े भाई जो संत थे उनके समाधी स्थल पर बनाया है जो बहुत सुन्दर भव्य और शांत प्रकर्ति के करीब है वह पर बड़ा मन लगता है मैं काफी वह पर जाता रहता हूँ। ।पर एक दिन एक बात ने मुझे सोचने पर मज़बूर कर दिया? वहा पर उन्होंने एक पुजारी भी नियक्त किया हुआ है जिसके एक कथन ने मुझको सोचने पर मज़बूर कर दिया कि आज भी देश मैं कोई संविधान सी आर पि सी या आई पी सी नहीं जो देश को चला रहा है देश आज भी मनु स्मृति या और किसी ब्राह्मण व्यवस्था के अनु रूप ही चल रहा है। हुआ ये कि में पंडित जी के पास बैठा था तभी मंदिर के द्वार के बहार सामने रहने वाला दलित परिवार का कोई आदमी आया पंडित जी ने उस को बहार ही रहने का इशारा किया। थोड़ी देर बाद पंडित जी बहार को गए और थोड़ी बात के बाद वोह अपना सर ना कि अवस्था मैं हिलाते हुए अंदर को वापस मेरे पास आगयेऔर वह कल्लू दलित मुरझाया हुआ मुह लेकर वापस चला गया काफी बात चित हुई पर अचानक मैंने वोह बात पूछी जिसमे वोह दलित आया और पंडित जी द्वारा क्या मना किया गया था वोह क्या बात थी पंडित जी ने तपाक से जवाब देते है कि आया था कह रहा था कि मेरी बेटी कि शादी है अगले महीने मेरी बेटी कि शादी है मैंने कहा तो... पंडित कि कहने लगे कि साला कह रहा था कि बेटी दामाद के शादी के फेरे आप को ही करने है साले कि इतनी औकात हम को कहे कि फेरे करने को उस कि इतनी औकात पहले कतोह कुछ मिलना नहीं और दूसरा सबसे बड़ी बात अगर एक चमार और भंगी( माफ़ करना उए उस पण्डित के शब्द है) कि शादी करके खुद को भरष्ट नहीं करना है और एक कलवा पंडित है इसी ग्राम मैं उस ने एक बार एक शादी करा दी थी उस से आज भी कोई अपने परिवार के फेरे नहीं कराता है मैंने उन् मालूम किया कि ये हिन्दू नहीं है कि जो इन् कि शादी में आप अगर फेरे करा दो गे तो आप को धर्म कुछ नहीं कहेगा बल्कि भगवान् आप से खुश होगा और दूसरी बात कि ये इंसान तो है ना हम बन्दर के मरने पर तो शव यात्रा निकलते है गौ भक्ति के नाम पर जान तक लेले ते है पंडित जी ने कहा कि ये बात बस सुनेने मैं ही आप जैसे लोगो को अच्छी लगती है ये कह कर पंडित जी अपने स्थान से उठ कर बहार चले गए मैं इस सवाल का जवाब ढूंढ़ता हुआ घर बिजनौर आगया कि इंसान इंसान मैं सिर्फ अन्य जाती कि महिला के पेट से पैदा होनाजिस जाती को हमारे धर्म ग्रंथो ने चउथा वर्ण यानि शुद्र कहा है आज भी समाज कितना दूरी रखता है दूसरा वाक्य एक ग्राम ननु पूरा जो बिजनौर से कोई १२ किमी होगा वह पर शिवरात्रि पर अपने ग्रामवासियो कि तरह वह दलित भी शिव का उतना भक्त था और उतने शिद्दत से हरिद्वार से कावर भर के लाया था जितने उसके जाट पडोसी ११० किमी कि कावर यात्रा पूरी करके वह अपने ग्राम नानपुरा पहुचा शरीर थकान और भूख से चूर हो चूका था और वह अगले दिन जल्दी से जल शिव को अर्पित करके आराम करना चाहता था इस लिए वह जल्दी जल्दी ग्राम के मंदिर को बढ़ा जैसे वह मंदिर कि सीढ़ी पर वो चढ़ा ही कि ग्राम के दबंग जाती के जाट जिनके खेतो मं जब काम होता है तो बड़े प्यार से पुचकारते हुए उस के घर पर आते थे आज दूसरे रूप मैं ही दिख रहे थे उन्होंने छूट ते ही उस को धक्का दिया और कहा कि अबे साले तेरी हिम्म्त कैसे हुई हमारे मंदिर में पैर रख ने कि। ।उस्स ने कहा कि भैय्या मैं भी भोले नाथ को जल चढ़ा ने आया हूँ चल साले कही जल चढ़ाओगे कटहा जल चढ़ा देवेंगे। वह रोता हुआ उन् से हाथ जोड़ कर प्राथना करने लगा कि जल चढ़ाने दो भाई पर उन्होंने उस कि एक ना सुनी वह रोता हुआ दिल को मसोस कर घर को चल दिया। ।क्या शिव का मंदिर मैं जल चढ़ा देने मात्र से शिव अपिवत्र हो जाता क्या शिव इतना कमज़ोर है उन् लोगो का। ……………………।और अभी मोदी पटना बिहार मैं रैली किया थी इस रैली से कुछ दिन पहले ही बाथे पुर बिहार नरसंहार जहा पर 58 दलितो कि हत्या हुई और हाई कोर्ट भी उस के दोषियो को सजा नहीं दे पायी मोदी जी रैली मैं तोह खूब गरजे पर उस नरसंहार के पीडितो को इन्साफ दिलाने और कातिलो को सजा दिलाने और उन् के पुनर्वास के बारे मैं कुछ नहीं बोले वह पर उन् के मुह पर जो हर विरोधियो पर हमेशा गरज़ ता रहता है उस को लेकर ताला लगा रहा चाहे हरयाणा का मिर्चपुर दलित नरसंहार हो कभी कुछ नहीं कहा ऐसे लगता है कि वह भी जो दलित इस देश में बहुत बड़ी वोटो कि ताक़त है उस को लेकर मनु स्मृति जैसा ही है वह इस देश को अन्य ब्राह्मण वादी नेता कि तरहा का नेतृत्व ही देंगे क्योकि उन्होंने अभी तक कोई भी दलित उत्थान और सामाजिक न्याय को लेकर कुछ भी नहीं देश सामने नहीं रखा है क्या दलित आज भी समाज में दोयम दर्जे का नागरिक ही रहेगा या वो भी समाज के अन्य तबको कि तरह तरक्की के मार्ग के निर्माण मैं बराबर का सहयोगी बनेगा मोदी जी आप मेरे सवाल का जवाब ज़रूर दे या कोई मेरे सवाल मोदी जी पास पहुचने का काष्ठ करे //////,,,,,,,,,,========================

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Interface and meeting with Parliamentarian on issue of Muslim minority in Uttar Pradesh

Monday, December 9 at 5:00pm

Constitution Club Of India, Rafi Marg in New Delhi, India

You were invited by Lenin Raghuvanshi

Like ·  · Share · Yesterday at 8:45am near Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh · Edited ·

With C.l. Chumber and 3 others.

Battleground Bastar: Chhattisgarh goes to polls on Monday under the Naxal gunThe Naxals have sent out clear signals that they will strike violently before or after the polls in Chhattisgarh to derail the state government's aggressive efforts to wean away supporters from their fold.

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http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/battleground-bastar-chhattisgarh-goes-to-polls-on-monday-under-the-naxal-gun/articleshow/25515828.cms

By Ullekh NP, ET Bureau | 10 Nov, 2013, 06.51AM IST

CHHATTISGARH: When a local Congress leader asked Rajaram Tripathi — an amiable former banker based in Kondagaon who runs a cooperative that grows medicinal herbs and employs over 300 tribal women in the Bastar region — about the most important "local issue" in this poll, Tripathi smiled and replied, rather rhetorically: "What else?" The Congress leader got the message and, as luck would have it, that very "local issue" was raised the next day by Congress president Sonia Gandhi in her speech at Kondagaon's Vikas Nagar Stadium in Chhattisgarh.

"Naxalites didn't fall from heaven nor did they emerge from hell. They were an answer to incomprehensible forms of exploitation of the tribals of this land by the trio of forest officers, police and local contractors dealing in forest produce with the blessings of politicians," says Tripathi, who was born in Kaknar village near Jagdalpur.

Tripathi grew up with tribal kids, went to college with slain anti-Naxalite Congress stalwart Mahendra Karma and married a tribal woman. "But violence has to end. Which is why I quit a highly paid job and started working with tribals to put them into the mainstream as best I can," says the 49-year-old who in 1999 founded the cooperative, Maa Danteshwari Certified Organic Herbal Farm.

The cooperative grows hundreds of medicinal herbs and taps tribal knowledge about these medicines to make traditional medicines for health conditions that range from diabetes and high blood pressure to strokes. Dasmati Netam, a tribal woman who heads one of the farms at the cooperative, says she and many others like her are busy sowing the seeds of a rare species of sarpagandha (rauvolfia serpentina, which contains a compound, reserpine, that is used in making BP drugs) across the Bastar region.

"As the world, now the West and the East later, moves from synthetic drugs to natural ones, this plant offers us a huge business opportunity," declares Tripathi, who has earned widespread respect from all groups in the trouble-hit region.

Some 200 km away in state capital Raipur, a senior government official concedes, with a straight face, that such "efforts at entrepreneurship" to either "wean away" people from the Naxalite fold or to "negotiate with them" through "back channels of communication like Tripathi or others familiar with the situation in the region" are non-existent. The official didn't wish to be named.

*

Lure of Central Funds?

No such effort is on to resolve the crisis that prime minister Manmohan Singh once called India's biggest internal security threat, agrees Sunil Kumar, editor of the Hindi daily, Chhattisgarh.

Kumar has closely followed for years the rise of the Naxalites in the region and beyond — in parts of Odisha, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, called the Red Corridor. "In fact, the biggest internal security threat to the country is not the Naxalites, but our corrupt politicians," laughs Kumar. "This random violence must end."

As 12 seats of the Naxalite-infested Bastar region go to the polls on Monday amid unprecedented security — 100,000 additional forces have been deployed in the region — there seems to be no solution in sight to the vexed problem of the ongoing conflict.

At least two Raipur-based senior government officials and police officers ET Magazine spoke to concede that the "politicians of the state are not interested in solving the problem". In fact, one of them hints at why it is "politically lucrative" to have Naxalites around.

"So much money is pumped into the state in the name of combating Naxalite violence," he says. In fact, a few days ago, the Union rural development ministry decided to allocate Rs 500 crore saved from the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) to Naxalite-affected districts in the country.

Another Rs 500 crore would be provided from the savings in the Backward Regions Grant Fund. Congress leader Ajit Jogi, the first chief minister of Chhattisgarh, carved out ofMadhya Pradesh in 2000, argues that it is a grave mistake to put the blame on politicians.

"The Congress has been very sincere about it though we saw the Naxalite influence multiply in the state during chief minister Raman Singh's decade-long rule," he says. Chief ministerRaman Singh has maintained that his government has been "aggressive" in handling the Naxalite menace.

"Which is why, out of a sense of retribution, the Naxalites are hell-bent on disrupting the polls this time around," he told ET Magazine. For their part, senior police officers such as RK Vij, additional director general of police (Naxal operations) and Mukesh Gupta, additional director general (intelligence), refute charges that the government has a we-don't-care attitude.

"The Naxalites are still ideologically in favour of armed struggle and it is not easy to resolve this issue. It is only the so-called intellectuals sitting in Delhi who can make such lazy comments that nobody wants to end this crisis," Vij complains. Several residents of Bastar ET Magazine spoke to — and even those in far-flung areas such as Narayanpur — also share the views of the "so-called" intellectuals from Delhi and other metros. Most of them detest violence.

"We want peace and prosperity and not continued oppression and bloodshed," says Nand Kama, a tribal activist from Narayanpur with the tone of a person who has been wronged. Much to the embarrassment ofRaman Singh, none other than Union tribal affair minister Kishore Chandra Deo had earlier this year attacked his government vehemently for what Deo called Chhattisgarh's "notorious" record in conducting anti-Naxalite operations that targeted innocent tribals. Police officers, meanwhile, contend that "such accidents" happen when Naxalites use innocent people as human shields to fight the forces.

Poll in the Shadow of Violence

Mukesh Gupta expects the Naxalites to do whatever is possible to disrupt the polls, not just because they reject the Indian Constitution as a bourgeois idea or democracy as a sham. "This time around there are several other reasons as well," he explains, claiming that all recent guerrilla strikes by Naxalites betray their "frustration" over their dwindling strength.

"They are finding it very difficult to recruit new cadres, especially because many tribals are getting exposed to the outside world and want to lead an independent life, not merely fight and die like a dog for no reason," he reasons. Moreover, he goes on, the forces have been able to make deep inroads into traditional Maoists strongholds — such as Chintagufa (Sukma), Bijapur, Kanker and Narayanpur.

*

"This has left them very very angry and desperate," he adds, explaining why the attack on a Congress convoy on May 25 was such a heinous one. "It smacks of complete desperation." Gupta notes that Naxals, also called the CPI (Maoist), are typically known for attacks planned with surgical precision. When they ambushed the Congress convoy in May, their main target was Mahendra Karma, Congress leader and founder of the disbanded militia, Salwa Judum.

"But the attackers didn't even know who Karma was. They had to ask other Congress leaders until Karma stepped forward and identified himself," he says. Gupta isn't therefore surprised that many months after the attack, a senior leader of the Naxalites, Ramanna, has denied that the ambush had no blessings of the political wing of the organisation. "Yes, they acted in sheer desperation," the police officer repeats.

The Naxal leader said the People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA), the armed wing of the outfit that led the offensive, went in haste and took a wrong decision. In a rare gesture, Ramanna, the powerful secretary of the Dandakarnya Special Zonal Committee of the outlawed party, also apologized for the killings of Dinesh Patel, son of state Congress chief Nand Kumar Patel, in the incident. Naxalites had earlier said the Bastar attack was revenge for the atrocities committed by vigilante group Salwa Judum and Operation Green Hunt against the Naxalites. Twentyseven people, including Patel, his son Dinesh and Karma, were killed in the attack.

Former Congress stalwart VC Shukla succumbed to injuries later in a hospital. Gupta remembers that he was heading an anti-Naxalite operation at the time of the May 25 attack in a nearby Naxalite stronghold. "I tell you, they are extremely upset about the reverses on their turfs," he says, adding that he expects them to launch a violent strike to spread fear either before or after the polls. "But this is the phase of the last nail in their coffin. They are losing their power," he claims.

Under Chairman Mao's Spell

However, such optimism in well-guarded government offices in Raipur hasn't yet reached the verdant forests of Bailadila in Dantewada, south Bastar, where there are still thousands of people who have not gone to vote even once in their lives, says Kumar. One reason is inaccessibility — even polling officers have to walk 10-15 km to the polling station for want of roads in the otherwise spectacular hills. In villages bordering Maharashtra such as Sandra, Erapalli and Barekakaler, voters have to travel more than 70 km to vote. People stay away also because there have been unconfirmed reports of Naxalites chopping off fingers of those who had dared to vote.

"Dense forests in these areas make it not only impossible to hunt down Naxalites, but also to hold elections," admits an election commission official. Naxalites still roam even in broad daylight around iron ore mines run by the National Mineral Development Corporation ( NMDC) in Bailadila, says a Jagdalpur-based tribal activist. "We do come across them sometimes and it is no secret that they are around. They are still very powerful here," he told ET Magazine on the phone, his voice sounding forlorn. He asked not to be named. An official of a company doing business in the region confirms this: "We are all aware that once the forces leave after the elections, we are back to square one."

He disclosed neither his name nor that of his company, which he says pays "levy" so that their operations are not disrupted by the Naxalites. "After all, they need money to equip themselves," he says with a sardonic guffaw. He didn't disclose how much his company pays the Naxalites a year. "Obviously I can't say that," he notes. But Vij has managed to get hold of some "numbers" from captured Naxalites, he says. "We wouldn't know the exact amount of extortion by Naxalites because only their top-most leaders would know that and they don't talk under interrogation," he notes. For each bag of tendu leaves (used to make beedis), Naxalites collect Rs 150-200 from local contractors as extortion money, which, according to Vij, touches close to Rs 34 crore a year in the Bastar region.

Rumours, Counter-rumours

Union home ministry and IB have released reports that Naxal chief Ganapathy was in his hideout in the hilly terrain of Abujhmad in the southern tip of the state while masterminding strikes in the poll-bound state. At least two state police officials laugh away the "discovery of spotting him". One of them says, "He is an ailing old man and he has to be somewhere there in a cave and these are dense forests... Such a report isn't significant at all, but it is true, as we have said before, that Naxalites are readying for a guerrilla strike."

A Raipur-based tribal activist is piqued and says this "propaganda" is a government ruse to use the opportunity — with additional forces deployed in the state — to launch "anti-Naxalite" operations on some "fake pretext just to prove that they are bold and committed ... in the process they will end up killing innocents and celebrate 'victory over Naxals'."

*

Sure, the reality of the ground is far different. In Raipur, the police want you to believe that Naxals want no schools or primary health centres in their strongholds. And several officials, some of them recently posted in Raipur and of south Indian descent, launch into verbose arguments about how the "topography advantage" helps Naxals stay alive as a group.

However, organisations such as the Ramakrishna Mission have been running schools in Abujhmad, the most inaccessible of Naxalite areas, for over 25 years — in their five schools they teach more than a thousand students from class I to Class VIII, says Swami Satyaroopananda of the RK Mission. "We have more schools in the tribaldominated Narayanpur where we have classes from Class VIII to Class XII," he adds. RK Mission, which also runs primary health centres, carries supplies for many months because Abujhmad gets cut off from the rest of the world during the rains.

Bumpy Road Ahead

"There has to be a consistent effort to engage with the tribals and the Naxalites ahead of the polls," says Laxminarayanan Induriya, former Congress minister in the Arjun Singhgovernment of Madhya Pradesh. Meanwhile, some military strategists advise that security forces set up camps inside forests and also step up "back-channel" communication that should continue even when a direct fight is on. Renowned American military strategist, cold warrior and historian Edward Luttwak suggests the "Green Beret" solution.

"Raise and train a well-paid elite force which, like Green Berets, have all the skills but are not commandos. Their job is to live in and integrate with the tribal community, help them with medical care [every third Green Beret is a medic], help them with community projects, and generally become accepted as trusted friends," he says.

The Green Berets, officially known as the United States Army Special Forces, are trained in, besides combat tactics and reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, languages, culture, diplomacy, psychological warfare, and politics. But planting a seed of green in a sea of red is easier said than done. It will take more than tokenism to foster trust here.

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'आयरन लेडी'' इरोम शर्मीला ज़िंदाबाद ---------------------------------------------- मणिपुर में सैन्यबल को विशेषाधिकार मिले हुए हैं , उसका फायदा उठा कर बल के जवान नागरिक अधिकारो की हत्या कर रहे है। किसी को गोली मार देना, प्रताड़ित करना आम बात रही है। बलात्कार भी करते रहे है सैनिक। तेरह साल पहले सेना के मुख्यालय के बहार अनेक मणिपुरी औरतो ने निर्वस्त्र हो कर प्रदर्शन किया था। उनके हाथो में तख्ती थी कि ''आओ, हमारे साथ बलात्कार करो'', उसी समय से इरोम शर्मीला चानू नमक युवती ने संकल्प किया था कि सेना को मिले विशेषाधिकार के विरुद्ध वह आंदोलन करेगी . और ५ नवम्बर 2000 को वह इस विशेषाधिकार कानून के विरुद्ध आमरण अनशन पर बैठ गई, वह अनशन आज तक जारी है। सरकार उसे जबरन नाक के सहारे आहार देती है, उसे गिरफ्तार करती है, फिर रिहा कर देती। इस देश में ये कैसा लोकतंत्र है? शर्म आती है, हमे गर्व है इरोम शर्मिला पर। खेद है कि हमारा ये मीडिया वाहियात बातें को तो खूब दिखता है मगर ''आयरन लेडी'' इरोम शर्मीला' के बारे में विस्तार से कभी नहीं दिखाता। इरोम को इसकी परवाह भी नहीं . वह अपना काम कर रही है, पूरे देश के लोकतान्त्रिक लोगों की शुभ कामनाये इरोम के साथ हैं, इक दीप-सी जलती रही इरोम शर्मिला सबके लिये चलती रही इरोम शर्मिला इक दिन यहाँ इन्साफ मिलेगा इसीलिये हर दर्द को सहती रही इरोम शर्मिला इस देश में बहाल नहीं लोकतंत्र क्यूं सब से यहाँ कहती रही इरोम शर्मिला जोखिम में जान डाल कर भूखी रही है वो मिटती रही, बनती रही इरोम शर्मिला रोके से रुक सकी नहीं कमाल कर दिया बन के नदी बहती रही इरोम शर्मिला खुशियों के मकानात बनें इसलिए सुनो हर पल यहाँ ढहती रही इरोम शर्मिला निर्मम हमारे देश की सरकार क्या कहें किस मुल्क में रहती रही इरोम शर्मिला औरत पे जुल्म ढा रहे गुंडे हैं ड्रेस में इस बात पे हंसती रही इरोम शर्मिला खा-पी के अघाए हुए इस देश में पंकज कुर्सी को ही खलती रही इरोम शर्मिला

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Sudhir Suman

देखिए अभी क्या क्या सच सामने आता है? दैनिक हिंदुस्तान में यह खबर है, पर पकडे गए लोगों के नाम नहीं हैं. जबकि हिंदुस्तान टाइम्स में उनके नाम हैं. जाहिर है कि पटना विस्फोट के बाद साम्प्रदायिक तनाव फ़ैलाने में लगे लोगों के लिए थोड़ी दिक्कत होगी. खैर, अभी तो पकिस्तान का नाम आ रहा है. किसी दिन कहीं यह भी भेद न खुल जाये कि खाली पाकिस्तान ही नहीं, बल्कि पाकिस्तान के नाम पर आतंक का राजनीतिक इस्तेमाल करने वाले भारत में ही हैं. शासकवर्गीय पार्टियों की राजनीतिक जरूरत के अनरूप होने वाली ये आतंकवादी गतिविधियां संदेह को तो जन्म देती हैं. ठीक उसी तरह जैसे राजनीतिक जरूरत के तहत होने वाले सैन्य हमले-प्रतिहमले. सीमा पर तनाव.

http://naukarshahi.in/archives/9742

Son Of Poltician and Son OF Voter......... — with Mohamed Zahir Hassan and 6 others.

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মাওবাদী ভীতি সঙ্গে নিয়েই আজ নির্বাচন

মাওবাদী হানায় বর্তমানে এমনই বিধ্বস্ত অবস্থায় রয়েছে পুলিশ চৌকিগুলি। দান্তেওয়াডা়য়।

অচিন্ত্যরূপ রায়

ত্রাসের ছায়ায় আজ প্রথম দফার ভোট দিতে যাচ্ছে ছত্তিসগড়৷ ভোট বয়কটের ডাক দেওয়া ছিল আগে থেকেই, ভোট দিতে গেলে কেটে দেওয়া হবে আঙুল, কিম্বা গোটা হাতটাই-- এ রকম কথাও ছড়িয়ে দেওয়া হয়েছে ছোট-বড় গাঁ-গঞ্জ পাড়ায় পাড়ায়৷ বন্ধও ডাকা হয়েছে রীতিমতো, ৭ থেকে ১৪ তারিখ পর্যন্ত৷ এ সব উপেক্ষা করেও যদি লোকে ভোট দিতে যায়, আশঙ্কা থেকেই যাবে প্রাণহানির, জানিয়ে দিয়েছে মাওবাদী দাদালোগরা৷ আশঙ্কা মোটেই অমূলক নয়, জানে প্রশাসনও৷ সব রকম সতর্কতা সত্ত্বেও, রবিবার বিকেলে রাজনন্দগাঁওয়ের বাগডোঙ্গরিতে একটি বুথের ঠিক পাশেই আইইডি বিস্ফোরণ ঘটিয়েছে তারা৷ ঘটনায় আহত হয়েছেন দুই জওয়ান৷ দান্তেওয়াড়ার বরসুর গ্রাম থেকে প্রায় ৪০ কিলোগ্রামের বোমা উদ্ধার করেছে পুলিশ৷ কাঁকের জেলার কয়লাবেরা অঞ্চলের পাঁচ জায়গায় মাওবাদীদের পুঁতে রাখা বিস্ফোরক নিষ্ক্রিয় করেছে পুলিশ৷ এগুলিকে মাওবাদীদের দেওয়া সঙ্কেত বলেই মনে করছে প্রশাসন৷

আতঙ্কিত পুলিশ মাওবাদীদের কাছে এমনকি সাময়িক অস্ত্রবিরতির আবেদনও জানিয়েছে৷ বস্তার রেঞ্জের আইজিপি অরুণ দেব গৌতম বলেন, 'যে নিরাপত্তাকর্মীরা এখন আসছেন, তাঁরা কোনও লড়াই কি সংঘর্ষের জন্য আসছেন না৷ ভোটপর্ব যাতে নির্বিঘ্নে মেটে, সেইটুকুই দেখা এঁদের দায়িত্ব৷ মাওবাদীদের কাছে আমার তাই আবেদন, আপনারা মানুষকে তাঁদের গণতান্ত্রিক অধিকার রক্ষা করতে দিন৷ আমি আপনাদের কাছে অস্ত্রবিরতির আবেদন জানাচ্ছি৷' হামলার ভয়ে রবিবার রাতেই সুকমা থেকে ফিরে এসেছে ভোটকর্মীদের দু'টি দল৷

কিছুদিন ধরেই আশেপাশের রাজ্যগুলি থেকে দক্ষিণ ছত্তিসগড়ে জড়ো হচ্ছিল মাওবাদীরা, গাঁয়ের ভেতরে ভেতরে লোক চলাচলের রাস্তায় রাস্তায় পেতে দিচ্ছিল প্রেশার মাইন, যাতে চাপ পড়লেই বিস্ফোরণ ঘটে উড়ে যেতে পারে মানুষ থেকে শুরু করে ছোটখাটো গাড়ি পর্যন্ত-- এ রকম সব খবর ছিলই৷ পুলিশ সূত্রের খবর, গত কয়েকদিনে অস্বাভাবিক বেশি সংখ্যায় এই রকম বোমা খুঁজে পাওয়া গেছে দক্ষিণের সাতটি জেলার বিভিন্ন এলাকা থেকে৷

প্রথম দফায় ১৮টি আসনে ভোট হচ্ছে আজ৷ এর মধ্যে ১২টি মাওবাদী উপদ্রুত বস্তার ডিভিশনে, বাকি ছ'টি কেন্দ্র রাজনন্দগাঁও জেলায়৷ নির্বিঘ্নে নির্বাচন শেষ করতে বেনজির সংখ্যক নিরাপত্তাকর্মীদের আনা হয়েছে রাজ্যে৷ এই মুহূর্তে ছত্তিসগড়ে পুলিশ ও আধা-সামরিক জওয়ান আছেন মোট এক লক্ষ ত্রিশ হাজার-- রাজ্য পুলিশের ৪৭,০০০, আগে থেকেই যাঁরা এখানে ছিলেন, কেন্দ্রীয় বাহিনীর সেই ২৭,০০০ এবং ভোটের জন্য নতুন করে আনানো ৫৬৪ কোম্পানির ৫৬,৪০০ জওয়ান৷ এ ছাড়াও বায়ুসেনার ১২টি হেলিকপ্টার চক্কর কাটছে সন্ত্রস্ত এলাকাগুলির মাথার উপর৷ যে কোনও অঘটনের আশঙ্কায় রায়পুর বিমানবন্দরে তৈরি রাখা হয়েছে একটি এয়ার অ্যাম্বুল্যান্স৷ রাজধানীর হাসপাতালগুলিকেও জরুরি অবস্থার জন্য সতর্ক করে রাখা হয়েছে৷

পিছিয়ে নেই মাওবাদীরাও৷ রবিবার, ভোটের একদিন আগে, পুলিশ হেডকোয়ার্টারের খবর, অওন্ধি, গড়চিরোলি, বিজাপুরের গঙ্গালুর, ন্যাশনাল পার্ক, সুকমার চিন্তলনার দিয়ে দলে দলে এসে জড়ো হচ্ছে মাওবাদীরা৷ পুলিশ-প্রশাসনের কপালে চিন্তার ভাঁজ, কারণ ঠিক কী ধরনের সন্ত্রাসের পরিকল্পনা হচ্ছে, সেটা বুঝে উঠতে পারছে না কেউই৷ কিছুদিন হল একেবারেই চুপচাপ হয়ে গেছে মাওবাদীরা৷ নিয়মিত এনকাউন্টারের খবরও সে রকম আসেনি গত কয়েকদিনে৷ গোয়েন্দা সূত্রে ভাসা ভাসা যেটুকু খবর পাওয়া গেছে, তাতে মনে করা হচ্ছে খুব বড় ধরনের কোনও সন্ত্রাস ঘটাতে পারে তারা৷ সে রকম ঘটনা একটা-দু'টো জায়গাতেও হতে পারে, আবার সাধারণ গ্রামবাসীর সাজে ছোট ছোট দলে ভাগ হয়ে ছোট অস্ত্র নিয়ে অনেক জায়গায় একসঙ্গে আচমকা হানাও হতে পারে৷ তা ছাড়া প্রেশার মাইন তো রয়েছেই৷ বস্তার রেঞ্জের আইজিপি অরুণ দেব গৌতম জানিয়েছেন, খুব বেশি সংখ্যায় এই প্রেশার মাইন ব্যবহার করার চেষ্টা করছে এবার মাওবাদীরা৷

প্রচণ্ড ত্রাসে রয়েছেন সাধারণ গ্রামবাসীরা৷ মুখ খুলছেন না প্রায় কেউই৷ বস্তারের প্রত্যন্ত গ্রামগুলি থেকে খবর, বাইরের লোকের কাছে যাতে কোনও খবর না যায়, সেইজন্য গ্রামবাসীদের এমনকি বাজারে পর্যন্ত যেতে দেওয়া হচ্ছে না৷ বিজাপুর, নারায়ণপুর এবং দান্তেওয়াড়ায় কোথাও কোথাও তাদের বলা হয়েছে গরু-বাছুর খাবার-দাবার নিয়ে দু'দিন জঙ্গলের ভিতরে গিয়ে থাকতে৷

বিভিন্ন ভোটগ্রহণ কেন্দ্রে ইতিমধ্যেই পৌঁছে গেছেন নির্বাচন কর্মীরা৷ কোথাও কোথাও হেলিকপ্টারেও উড়িয়ে নিয়ে যাওয়া হয়েছে তাঁদের৷ গ্রামবাসী এবং রাজনৈতিক দলগুলির আপত্তি সত্ত্বেও সরিয়ে নেওয়া হয়েছে ১৬৭টি ভোটগ্রহণ কেন্দ্র৷ আশঙ্কা এমনই, যে মাওবাদী হানায় কোনও ভোটকর্মীর মৃত্যু হলে তাঁর পরিবারকে ১০ লক্ষ টাকা ক্ষতিপূরণ দেওয়া হবে, জানিয়ে দেওয়া হয়েছে নির্বাচন কমিশনের তরফ থেকে৷

http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/nation/vote-in-chattishgarh/articleshow/25578317.cms

पद्मसाठी आता शिफारस नाही

म. टा. प्रतिनिधी, मुंबई

' पद्म ' पुरस्कारांच्या शिफारशींवरून वादंग निर्माण झाल्याच्या पार्श्वभूमीवर, यापुढे पद्म पुरस्कार समितीला आपण कुणाचीही शिफारस करणार नाही, अशी भूमिका ज्येष्ठ गायिका लता मंगेशकर यांनी घेतली आहे.

' पद्म ' साठी विविध क्षेत्रांतील मान्यवरांनी कुणाकुणाची शिफारस केली, याबाबतची माहिती माहितीच्या अधिकारातून उघड झाली. त्यात लता मंगेशकर यांनी उषा मंगेशकर व सुरेश वाडकर यांच्या नावाची शिफारस केल्याचे समोर आले. त्यावर वादंग झाल्यानंतर रविवारी लता मंगेशकर यांनी त्यावर ट्विटरवर प्रतिक्रिया दिली. 'दरवर्षी मला पद्म पुरस्कार समितीकडून नावे सुचविण्याची विनंती करण्यात येते आण‌ि दरवर्षी मी नावे सुचवते. गेली अनेक दशके संगीतक्षेत्रात कार्यरत असलेल्या उषा मंगेशकर आण‌ि सुरेश वाडकर यांची या पुरस्कारांसाठी शिफारस केल्याने माझ्यावर टिका होत आहे. परंतु, अशा सर्वगुण संपन्न कलाकारांची नावे सुचविणे चूक आहे का?' असा प्रश्न लता मंगेशकर यांनी केला आहे. तसेच, यापुढे आपण या समितीला कुठलीही नावे सुचविणार नाही, असेही स्पष्ट केले आहे.

http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai/--/articleshow/25576788.cms

पवार यांची पंतप्रधानपदावर नजर

सुनील दिवाण, पंढरपूर

केंद्रात काँग्रेस आघाडीला बहुमत न मिळाल्यास समविचारी पक्षांना एकत्रित करण्यात राष्ट्रवादी पुढाकार घेईल, असे सूचक विधान करत पंतप्रधानपदाची दावेदारी कायम असल्याचे संकेत केंद्रीय कृषिमंत्री शरद पवार यांनी रविवारी माळीनगर येथे बोलताना दिले. मात्र काँग्रेस आघाडीला बहुमत मिळेलच, अशी सारवासारवही केली.

माळीनगर येथे सासवड माळी शुगर लि या साखर कारखान्याच्या को जन वीज प्रकल्पाचे उद्घाटन पवार यांच्याहस्ते झाले. यावेळी सार्वजनिक बांधकाम मंत्री छगन भुजबळ, विजयसिंह मोहिते पाटील आणि अनेक राष्ट्रवादीचे ज्येष्ठ नेते उपस्थित होते. जनमत चाचण्या घेण्यास काँग्रेसने केलेल्या विरोधाचे पवार यांनी समर्थन केले. या चाचण्या घेणारे पूर्वी आपल्याकडे आले होते. तुम्हाला सत्ता मिळवायची असल्यास आम्ही तुम्हाला पोषक असे निकाल देऊ, अशी ऑफर आपल्याला दिली होती. त्याची काही तरी किंमत असते, असे पवार म्हणाले. अशी माहिती जनतेला देण्यात काय अर्थ आहे, असा सवाल करत २००४ साली घेतलेल्या सगळ्या चाचण्या चुकीच्या ठरल्याची आठवण पवार यांनी करून दिली.

केंद्रात आणि राज्यात ठरलेल्या वेळेतच निवडणुका होतील, असे सांगताना लोकसभेच्या निवडणुका एप्रिल-मेमध्ये आणि त्यानंतर सहा महिन्यांनी विधानसभेच्या निवडणुका होतील, असे पवार यांनी सांगितले. अंधश्रद्धा निर्मूलन समितीचे नरेंद्र दाभोळकर यांच्या हत्येतील आरोपी पोलिसांच्या हाताशी लागतील, असा विश्वास पवार यांनी व्यक्त केला.

राष्ट्रवादीमुळेच चव्हाण मुख्यमंत्री

मुख्यमंत्री पृथ्वीराज चव्हाण यांनी राष्ट्रवादी स्थापन करून काय मिळाले, असे विधान केल्याचे निदर्शनास आणताच राष्ट्रवादीमुळेच पृथ्वीराज चव्हाण मुख्यमंत्री आणि अनेक जण मंत्री बनू शकले. राष्ट्रवादीच्या पाठिंब्यामुळेच राज्यात सत्ता आहे, अशी आठवण पवार यांनी करून दिली. पवार निवडणूक लढवतील, याबाबत उलटसुलट विधान करणाऱ्या मुख्यमंत्र्यांना मी आजवर कधीच पराभव बघितला नाही, ज्यांना निवडून येता येत नाही त्यांना ती काळजी वाटेल, असे सुनावले.

तो खेळाडू घडवेल

क्रिकेटपटू सचिन तेंडुलकरने घेतलेला निवृत्तीचा निर्णय योग्यच असून डॉन ब्रॅडमन यांच्यानंतर तोच श्रेष्ठ खेळाडू आहे, असे कौतुक त्यांनी केले. त्याच्या शेवटच्या सामन्यासाठी तिकीट मिळावे, म्हणून जगभरातून रोज फोन येत आहेत. मात्र स्टेडियममधील प्रेक्षकसंख्येला मर्यादा असल्याने ते अशक्य आहे, असे ते म्हणाले. तसेच तरुण होतकरू खेळाडू घडविण्यासाठी मदत करण्याचा प्रस्ताव आम्ही त्याच्यापुढे ठेवणार आहोत, असे पवार यांनी सांगितले.

http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/pune/--/articleshow/25573167.cms

Maoists set ablaze vehicle, three killed

The incident happened in Humkola village

PTI

Gaya: Three persons were killed when Maoists set ablaze a vehicle in Gaya district of Bihar.

The incident happened in Humkola village.

Salwa Judum

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (March 2011)

Salwa Judum
Major actions	2005–present
Active region(s)	Bastar and Dantewada districts ofChhattisgarh, India
Status	Active
Size	4,000

Salwa Judum (meaning "Peace March" or "Purification Hunt" in Gondi language) was a civilian militia mobilised and deployed as part of anti-insurgency operations inChhattisgarh, India, aimed at countering Naxalite violence in the region. The militia consisting of local tribal youth received support and training from the Chhattisgarh state government.^[1][2]

On 5 July 2011, the Supreme Court of India declared the militia to be illegal and unconstitutional, and ordered its disbanding. The Court directed the Chhattisgarh government to recover all the firearms, ammunition and accessories. The use of Salwa Judum by the government for anti naxal operations was criticised for its violations of human rights, use of child soldiers and poorly trained uneducated youth for counter-insurgency roles. It also ordered the government to investigate all instances of alleged criminal activities of Salwa Judum.^[3]

On 25 May 2013, its founder Mahendra Karma, who had become a senior Indian National Congress party leader was killed in a Naxaliteattack along with other party members in Darbha Valley of Chhattisgarh, 400 km south of Raipur and 50 km from Jagdalpur.^[4]

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1 Origins
• 2 History
• 3 Development of Special Police Officers (SPOs)
• 4 Controversy
  • 4.1 Child Soldiers
  • 4.2 Human rights violation
  • 4.3 State sponsoring of militia
• 5 Effects
• 6 Darbha Ghat Massacre
• 7 Further reading
• 8 See also
• 9 References
• 10 External links

Origins[edit]

Salwa Judum started in 2006 as a people's resistance movement against the Naxalites, a far-left movement with Maoist ideology in some states in rural India that is designated by India as a terrorist organisation on account of their violent activities.^[5] Initially an uprising of local indigenous people in Chhattisgarh, the movement later received bi-partisan support from both the ruling and opposition parties.^[5][6] A few years later the state government adopted the Salwa Judum movement to counter Naxalites in regions where they had established themselves by force.^[7]

In 2008, Chhattisgarh along with neighbouring Jharkhand accounted for over 65% of the total Naxal violence in the country. Chhattisgarh state had trained a number of 'Special Police Officers' or SPOs (also commonly referred to as Koya commandos), from amongst the tribals who were part of Salwa Judum.^[8][9]

With success of counter-strikes on Naxalite hideouts in south Chhattisgarh, Maoist activities in the bordering districts of Orissa saw a rise in 2008, thus in Feb 2009, the Central government announced its plans for simultaneous, co-ordinated counter-operations in all Maoist extremism-hit states – Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Bihar, UP and West Bengal, to plug all possible escape routes of Naxalites.^[10]

History[edit]

Salwa Judum volunteers in SouthernChhattisgarh

Bastar and Dantewada districts of Chhattisgarh have traditionally been sparsely populated and rich in natural resources but also with some of the poorest tribal regions. The (Naxalites) progressively increased their influence and control among local tribals through a combination of political mobilisation (around poor governance, land rights, livelihood and social inequity) and force.^[11]

The first movement against the Naxalites was the 'Jan Jagran Abhiyan', started in 1991 byMahendra Karma, a local tribal leader. This was mostly led by local traders and businessmen.^[12] This collapsed, and the leaders had to seek police protection. However, the second time around, the state had signed the mining agreements with the Tata and Essargroups, and was eager to flush the region of the Naxalites in order let the mining companies smoothly operate there. This was the beginning of police and military support to the movement. Mahendra Karma, a Congress Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) and the leader of opposition in the State Legislative Assembly became the public front and took the Bijapur-based movement to Dantewada, Katreli and other parts of the region.^[13][14]

Salwa Judum herded villagers and tribals in makeshift camps, where human rights abuses were rife. Salwa Judum became increasingly violent and out of control.^[15] Salwa Judum is also accused of burning and evacuating out 644 or more villages, making 300,000 people flee their homes.^[16] As the situation further escalated in the coming years, Human Rights Watchreported atrocities at both ends, and reported large scale displacement of the civilian population caught in the conflict between the Naxalites and Salwa Judum activists with at least 100,000 people moving to various camps in southern Chhattisgarh or fleeing to neighbouring Andhra Pradesh as of early 2008.^[17][18] By mid-2008 the figure grew to 150,000 tribals being displaced.^[19] There was also widespread report of rape and other abuses on women by the Judum.^[20]

Since the inception of the movement in 2005, over 800 people, including some 300 security personnel, have been killed by the Naxalites, SPO deaths alone total 98 – one in 2005; 29 in 2006; 66 in 2007; and 20 in 2008,^[14][21] when the Maoists rebels continued their attacks, though now considerably more dramatic from the previous years, they were now splitting into smaller groups and specifically targeting Salwa Judum leaders and security personnel who were ambushed in weekly markets in remote areas, and their weapons stolen, also posters threatening Salwa Judum leaders continued to appear in villages across Dantewada and Bijapur.^[22]However by mid-2008, movement's frontliner, Mahendra Karma announced that it will soon cease to exist,^[19] and end 2008, saw Salwa Judum which had controlled the lives of tribal people in camps and its influenced villages for nearly three years losing its hold in the region; the number of people living in the camps dropped from earlier 50,000 to 13,000 and public support dwindled away.^[23] An NHRCreport published in October 2008, said that Salwa Judum having lost its earlier momentum was only restricted to its 23 camps in theDantewada and Bijapur districts of Chhattisgarh^[24]

Development of Special Police Officers (SPOs)[edit]

Location of Dantewada and Bastar district, the most affected regions inChhattisgarh

The Chhattisgarh state Police employs tribal youths as SPOs (Special Police Officers), which are essentially 4,000 youth, both ex-Naxalites and those drawn from Salwa Judum camps in the Bastar region, who are paid an honorarium of Rs 1,500 (Rs 3000 in 2011)per month by the state government, were trained by with mostly .303 rifles. In Feb 2009, the Supreme Court in India declared such arming of civilians illegal.

In 2008, there were 23 Salwa Judum camps in Bijapur and Dantewara districts of Bastar region where almost 50,000 tribals from over 600 villages had settled.^[14][21] The government has now discredited the Salwa Judum movement.^{[citation needed]} Union Minister of Home Affairs, P. Chidambaram has praised the role of special police officers (SPOs) in fighting Naxalism and called for their appointment "wherever required.",^[25] while the Chhattisgarh Chief Minister,Raman Singh has stated that "Salwa Judum is the answer to get rid of the Naxal menace in the state..".^[26] On 5 July 2011, the Supreme Court of India ordered the Indian state of Chhattisgarh to disband a militia force founded to combat Maoist guerrillas who control large areas of the country. As reported in The Hindu, the Supreme Court directed the Chhattisgarh police to "immediately cease and desist from using SPOs in any manner or form in any activities, directly or indirectly, aimed at controlling, countering, mitigating or otherwise eliminating Maoist/Naxalite activities" and directed the police to recall all firearms issued to these men. On 6 July 2011 supreme court declared sulwa judum as illegal.

Controversy[edit]

Child Soldiers[edit]

There have been numerous reports that the Salwa Judum had recruited minors for its armed forces. A primary survey evaluated by theForum for Fact-finding Documentation and Advocacy (FFDA) determined that over 12,000 minors were being used by the Salwa Judum in the southern district of Dantewada and that the Chhattisgarh Government had "officially recruited 4200 Special Police Officers (SPOs); many of them being easily identifiable as minors".^[27] The Asian Centre for Human Rights (ACHR) also found that the Salwa Judum had engaged in the recruitment of child soldiers.^[28] Similar recruitment findings were also reported in the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers's "Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 – India".^[29]

Human rights violation[edit]

Some human rights organisations such as the People's Union for Civil Liberties has raised allegations against Salwa Judum.^[30][31][32] A fact finding commission of National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC), appointed by Supreme Court of India reported that Salwa Judum was a "spontaneous reaction by the tribals to defend themselves against the "reign of terror unleashed by the Naxalites." The report was submitted to honourable Supreme Court of India which, on the contrary, declared Salwa Judum to be illegal and unconstitutional, and ordered its disbanding. This clearly raises doubts against the neutrality of the NHRC commission whose report stood in strong support of Salwa Judum.

State sponsoring of militia[edit]

In April 2008, a Supreme Court bench directed the state Government to refrain from allegedly supporting and encouraging the Salwa Judum: "It is a question of law and order. You cannot give arms to somebody (a civilian) and allow him to kill. You will be an abettor of the offence under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code."; the state government had earlier denied, Salwa Judum being a state-sponsored movement,^[21][33] later it directed the state government to take up the remedial measures suggested in the NHRC earlier report^[34] The Human Rights Commission alleged that Security forces collaborated with Salwa Judum in their fight against the Maoists.^[35]

In December 2008, replying to a petition filed in the Supreme Court, the state government acknowledged that Salwa Judum and security forces had burnt houses and looted property but the allegations against Salwa Judum of killings were not found to be true by National Human Rights Commission.^[36][37]

In an order, the Supreme Court mentioned that people take arms for survival and against inhuman implementation of law depriving the weak, and not senselessly. The court pointed out the importance of formalised state police actions, in ways that do not ignore Constitutional values:^[38]

"Given humanity's collective experience with unchecked power, which becomes its own principle and its practice its own raison d'etre, resulting in the eventual dehumanisation of all the people, the scouring of the earth by the unquenchable thirst for natural resources by imperialist powers, and the horrors of two World Wars, modern Constitutionalism posits that no wielder of power should be allowed to claim the right to perpetrate the state's violence against any one, much less its own citizens, unchecked by law, and notions of innate human dignity of every individual."

Effects[edit]

Encouraged by the highly positive results of the movement in the region, the government is planning to launch a people's movement in insurgency hit state of Manipur on similar lines. In 2006, Karnataka raised a similar force employing tribals youths to fight Naxalism in the state, as did Andhra Pradesh prior to it^[39] Jharkhand is another state that has been successfully using SPOs to counter Leftwing terrorists.^[25]

However, the Salwa Judum appears to have been abandoned in Chhattisgarh state, with Chief Minister Raman Singh describing the movement as "over", because it was counterproductive and "innocent people were being killed"^[40] Singh, however, said that a "peaceful campaign" to wean locals away from supporting Maoists would continue.

• Channel 4's Unreported World telecast a program titled "India's Hidden War" in October 2006, on the Maoist war against the state of India.^[41]

Darbha Ghat Massacre[edit]

On 25 May 2013, members of the Congress party running the Parivartan Yatra (Change Campaign), projected as preparatory campaigning for the forthcoming state elections, travelling in a convoy of vehicles after addressing rallies in Sukma, were ambushed and killed by Naxalites. Deceased includes Mahendra Karma, founder and leader of the outlawed and disbanded Salwa Judum, Vidya Charan Shukla a prominent Congress state and ex-central minister, scion of a prominent political family, Nand Kumar Patel, President of the Chhattisgarh Pradesh Congress Committee, his son Dinesh Patel, ex-MLA Uday Mudaliyar, and others, while several others were injured, including ex-MLA Phulo Devi Netam. Shukla survived the attack and was airlifted to several hospitals before succumbing 11 June 2013.^[42] In a public statement, the Naxalites claimed that they had specifically targeted Karma; he had been stabbed multiple times by a group of women Naxalites.

Further reading[edit]

• The Adivasis of Chhattisgarh: Victims of the Naxalite Movement and Salwa Judum Campaign, by Asian Centre for Human Rights. Published by Asian Centre for Human Rights, 2006.

See also[edit]

• Naxalite
• Compact Revolutionary Zone
• Naxalite-Maoist insurgency
• Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

References[edit]

1. Jump up^ "Salwa Judum – menace or messiah?" TOI, Mar 20, 2010
2. Jump up^ "Left in the lurch" Indian Express, July 10, 2011
3. Jump up^ "Salwa Judum is illegal, says SC" The Hindu July 5, 2011
4. Jump up^ "Mahendra Karma killed, V.C. Shukla injured in Maoist attack". The Hindu. 25 May 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
5. ^ Jump up to:^a b [1] Ramachandra Guha.
6. Jump up^ [2] Kanchan Gupta.
7. Jump up^ [3] Pioneer
8. Jump up^ Centre gives its tacit approval to Salwa Judum Times of India, 8 January 2009.
9. Jump up^ CoBRA reaches Bastar to join anti-Naxal ops Indian Express, 5 February 2009.
10. Jump up^ Co-ordinated operations to flush out Naxalites soon The Economic Times, 6 February 2009.
11. Jump up^ [4]
12. Jump up^ [5]
13. Jump up^ Inside India's hidden war The Guardian, 9 May 2006.
14. ^ Jump up to:^a b c 'Salwa Judum can't work in the long run' Chhattisgarh Director General of Police Vishwa Ranjan. Business Standard, 13 January 2008.
15. Jump up^ "Salwa Judum victims assured of relief". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 16 December 2008.
16. Jump up^ [6]
17. Jump up^ 'Salwa Judum, forces too violating rights' The Times of India, 16 July 2008."The 182-page report — 'Being Neutral Is Our Biggest Crime: Government, Vigilante and Naxalite Abuses in India's Chhattisgarh State' — documents human rights abuses against civilians, particularly tribals, caught in a tug-of-war between government forces, Salwa Judum and Naxalites. "
18. Jump up^ Indian state 'backing vigilantes' BBC News, 15 July 2008.
19. ^ Jump up to:^a b How the Salwa Judum experiment went wrong The Mint, 10 July 2008.
20. Jump up^ 'Existence of Salwa Judum necessary'
21. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Hearing plea against Salwa Judum, SC says State cannot arm civilians to kill Indian Express, 1 April 2008.
22. Jump up^ at least 18 people associated with Salwa Judum were killed during this period .. Indian Express, 23 July 2008.
23. Jump up^ Salwa Judum may stay in Bastar after polls NDTV, 13 November 2008.
24. Jump up^ 'Existence of Salwa Judum necessary' The Economic Times, 6 October 2008.
25. ^ Jump up to:^a b Chidambaram all praise for SPOs The Economic Times, 8 January 2009.
26. Jump up^ Salwa Judum is answer to naxal menace: Raman Singh Times of India, 10 January 2009.
27. Jump up^ Zemp, Ueli; Mohapatra, Subash (29 July 2007). "Child Soldiers in Chhattisgarh: Issues, Challenges and FFDA's Response". Retrieved 31 May 2009.
28. Jump up^ The Adivasis of Chhattisgarh: Victims of the Naxalite Movement and Salwa Judum Campaign. New Delhi: Asian Centre for Human Rights. 2006. p. 42. ISBN 81-88987-14-X. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
29. Jump up^ "Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 – India". Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
30. Jump up^ "Findings about the Salwa Judum in Dantewara district". 12 February 2005.
31. Jump up^ "Salwa Judum report". South Asia Intelligence Review of the South Asia Terrorism Portal.
32. Jump up^ "Salwa Judum report". Asian Council For Human Rights.
33. Jump up^ SC raps Chhattisgarh on Salwa Judum Rediff.com, 31 March 2008.
34. Jump up^ Implement NHRC recommendations on Salwa Judum, Supreme Court asks Chhattisgarh government The Hindu, 20 September 2008.
35. Jump up^ India backing violent militia DAWN – 11 July 2008
36. Jump up^ "Politics/Nation". The Times of India. 6 October 2008.
37. Jump up^ Salwa Judum victims assured of relief The Hindu, 16 December 2008.
38. Jump up^ 'The horror! The horror!', 11 July 2011, rediff.com, an excerpt from the order of the Supreme Court of India
39. Jump up^ Tribal youths will now fight Naxals The Times of India, 11 May 2006.
40. Jump up^ CM: Salwa Judum is over Hindustan Times, 7 February 2011.
41. Jump up^ India's Hidden War Channel 4, Friday 27 October 2006
42. Jump up^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vc-shukla-19292013/article4804137.ece

External links[edit]

• The Adivasis of Chhattisgarh: Victims of Naxalite Movement and Salwa Judum Campaign
• Unreported World: India's Hidden War
• Naxal Issues
• [7]
• Economic and Political Weekly Article on NHRC report
• Report of the IAPL Fact Finding Mission
• Video Documentary (20 mn.) on Salwa Judum Camps

Chhattisgarh

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chhattisgarh छत्तीसगढ़
State
Seal
Location of Chhattisgarh in India
Political Map of Chhattisgarh
Coordinates (Raipur): 21.27°N 81.60°ECoordinates: 21.27°N 81.60°E
Country	India
Established	01 November 2000
Capital	Raipur
Largest city	Raipur
Districts	27 (9 dist. new)
Government
• Governor	Shekhar Dutt
• Chief Minister	Raman Singh (BJP)
• Legislature	Unicameral (90 seats)
• Parliamentary constituency	11 (year 2010)
• High Court	Chhattisgarh High Court
Area
• Total	135,194.5 km2(52,198.9 sq mi)
Area rank	10
Population (2011)
• Total	25,545,198
• Rank	16th
• Density	190/km2 (490/sq mi)
Time zone	IST (UTC+05:30)
ISO 3166 code	IN-CT
HDI	0.516 (medium)
HDI rank	23rd (2005)
Literacy	71.04% (23rd)
Official languages	Hindi, Chhattisgarhi
Website	chhattisgarh.nic.in
Symbols
Language	Chhattisgarhi (a dialect of Hindi)
Animal	Van Bhainsa (Wild Buffalo)
Bird	Pahari Myna (Hill Myna)
Tree	Sal or Sarai

Chhattisgarh (Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ Chattīsgaṛh  pronounced [tʃʰʌttiːsɡʌɽʱ]) is a state in Central India. It is the 10th largest state in India, with an area of 135,190 km²(52,200 sq mi). With a population of 25.5 million, Chhattisgarh is the 16th most-populated state of the nation. It is a source of electricity and steel for India.^[1]Chhattisgarh accounts for 15% of the total steel produced in the country.^[2]

The state was formed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning 16 Chhattisgarhi-speaking south-eastern districts of Madhya Pradesh.^[3][4] Raipur was made its capital city. Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh in the north-west, Maharastra in the south-west, Andhra Pradesh in the south, Odisha in the east, Jharkhand in the north-east and Uttar Pradesh in the north. Currently the state comprises 27 districts.

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1 Etymology
• 2 Geography
  • 2.1 Climate
  • 2.2 Temperature
• 3 Transport
  • 3.1 Roads
  • 3.2 Rail network
  • 3.3 Air
• 4 History
  • 4.1 Ancient and medieval history
  • 4.2 Modern history
  • 4.3 Separation of Chhattisgarh
• 5 Government and administration
  • 5.1 Districts
  • 5.2 Municipal corporations
• 6 Human Development Indicators (HDIs)^[25]
  • 6.1 HDI
  • 6.2 Standard of living
  • 6.3 Education Index
  • 6.4 Health Index
  • 6.5 Net State Domestic Product (NSDP)
  • 6.6 Urbanisation
  • 6.7 Sex ratio
  • 6.8 Fertility rate
  • 6.9 ST population
  • 6.10 Poverty
  • 6.11 Access to drinking water
  • 6.12 Sanitation
  • 6.13 Teledensity
  • 6.14 Road density
• 7 Demographics
  • 7.1 Religion
  • 7.2 Language
  • 7.3 Status of women
    • 7.3.1 Witchcraft
• 8 Culture
  • 8.1 Crafts
  • 8.2 Dance
    • 8.2.1 Panthi
    • 8.2.2 Pandwani
    • 8.2.3 Rawat Nacha
    • 8.2.4 Soowa Nacha
    • 8.2.5 Karma
• 9 Other State people cultural contribution
  • 9.1 Theatre
  • 9.2 Traditional food
• 10 Economy
  • 10.1 Agriculture
    • 10.1.1 Agricultural products
    • 10.1.2 Irrigation
  • 10.2 Industrial sector
    • 10.2.1 Power sector
    • 10.2.2 Steel sector
    • 10.2.3 Aluminium sector
    • 10.2.4 Natural resources
      • 10.2.4.1 Forest
      • 10.2.4.2 Mineral deposits
      • 10.2.4.3 Information and technologies
      • 10.2.4.4 Major companies
  • 10.3 Exports^[56]
• 11 Tourism
  • 11.1 Waterfalls
  • 11.2 Hot spring
  • 11.3 Caves
  • 11.4 National parks and wildlife sanctuaries
  • 11.5 Archaeological sites
  • 11.6 Temples
  • 11.7 Dams
• 12 Education
  • 12.1 Absolute literates and literacy rate
  • 12.2 Universities
  • 12.3 Premier institutes in Chhattisgarh
  • 12.4 Other universities
    • 12.4.1 Sarguja University
    • 12.4.2 Dr. C. V. Raman University
• 13 Media and communications
• 14 See also
• 15 Notes
• 16 References
• 17 External links

Etymology[edit]

There are several opinions on the origin of the word Chhattisgarh. In ancient times, this region was called Dakshin Kosala (South Kosala). The name Chhattisgarh was popularized during the Maratha period and was first used in an official document in 1795.^[5]

It is widely believed that Chhattisgarh takes its name from the 36 pillars of Chhatishgarhin Devi temple (chhattis means "36" and garhmeans "fort"). The old state had 36 demesnes (feudal territories): Ratanpur, Vijaypur, Kharound, Maro, Kautgarh, Nawagarh, Sondhi, Aukhar, Padarbhatta, Semriya, Champa, Lafa, Chhuri, Kenda, Matin, Aparora, Pendra, Kurkuti-kandri, Raipur, Patan, Simaga, Singarpur, Lavan, Omera, Durg, Saradha, Sirasa, Menhadi, Khallari, Sirpur, Figeswar, Rajim, Singhangarh, Suvarmar, Tenganagarh and Akaltara.^[6] However, experts do not agree with this explanation, as 36 forts cannot be archaeologically identified in this region.^[5]

Another view, more popular with experts and historians, is that Chhattisgarh is the corrupted form of Chedisgarh which means Raj or "Empire of the Chedis" (Kalchuri Dynasty).^[5] According to Dr. Shrikant Khilari, the name Chhattisgarh comes from the time of Guru Ghasidas. Guru Ghasidas, a saint, named Chhattisgarh and the name was officially applied by the Marathas in 1795.^{[citation needed]}

Geography[edit]

The northern and southern parts of the state are hilly, while the central part is a fertile plain. Deciduous forests of the Eastern Highlands Forests cover roughly 44% of the state. The state animal is the van bhainsa, or wild water buffalo. The state bird is the pahari myna, orhill myna. The state tree is the Sal, or Sarai,found in Baster division.

The State Tree of Chhattisgarh

In, the north lies the edge of the great Indo-Gangetic plain. The Rihand River, a tributary of the Ganges, drains this area. The eastern end of the Satpura Range and the western edge of the Chota Nagpur Plateau form an east-west belt of hills that divide the Mahanadi River basin from the Indo-Gangetic plain.The outline of Chhattisgarh is like a sea horse.

The central part of the state lies in the fertile upper basin of the Mahanadi river and its tributaries. This area has extensive rice cultivation. The upper Mahanadi basin is separated from the upper Narmada basin to the west by the Maikal Hills (part of the Satpuras) and from the plains of Odisha to the east by ranges of hills. The southern part of the state lies on theDeccan plateau, in the watershed of the Godavari River and its tributary, the Indravati River. The Mahanadi is the chief river of the state. The other main rivers are Hasdo (a tributary of Mahanadi), Rihand, Indravati, Jonk, Arpa and Shivnath. It is situated in the east of Madhya Pradesh.^{[clarification needed]}

Climate[edit]

The climate of Chhattisgarh is tropical. It is hot and humid because of its proximity to the Tropic of Cancer and its dependence on themonsoons for rains. Summer in Chhattisgarh temperatures can reach 45°C (113°F). The monsoon season is from late June to October and is a welcome respite from the heat. Chhattisgarh receives an average of 1,292 millimetres (50.9 in) of rain. Winter is from November to January and it is a good time to visit Chhattishgarh. Winters are pleasant with low temperatures and less humidity.^[7]

Temperature[edit]

The temperature varies between 30 and 45 °C (86 and 113 °F) in summer and between 0 and 25 °C (32 and 77 °F) during winter. However, extremes in temperature can be obsevered with scales falling to less than 0°C to 49°C.^{[citation needed]}

Transport[edit]

Road, rail and air transportation from and to Chhattisgarh can be seen from the official website of the Chhattisgarh Government.

Roads[edit]

Chhattisgarh has wide coverage of roads which have pan-nation connectivity. The district headquarters, tehsils and development blocks are well connected with good all-weather roads. 11 national highways passing through the state which are together 2,184 km in length. This includes NH 6, NH 16, NH 43, NH 12A, NH 78, NH 111, NH 200, NH 202, NH 216, NH 217, NH 221,[National Highway 30(India)NH30].^[8][9]

The state highways and major district roads constitute another network of 8,031 km. Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar,Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand. As of 2012, there are a total of 6635 passenger vehicles plying on 2316 roads of the state. Transport is coordinated through 22 computerised transport offices in the state. A motor and driving school has also been proposed to be established.^[10]

Rail network[edit]

Almost the entire railway network spread over the state comes under the geographical jurisdiction of the South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways centered around Bilaspur, which is the zonal headquarters of this zone. The construction of erstwhile Nagpur-Chhattisgarh railway line began in 1878 and was completed in 1882. staThe other main railway junction is Raipur and Durg Junction, which is also a starting point of many long distance trains. These three junctions are well-connected to the major cities of India.^[11] The state has the highest freight loading in the country and one -sixth of Indian Railway's revenue comes from Chhattisgarh. The length of rail network in the state is 1,108 km, while a third track has been commissioned between Raipur and Raigarh.^[12] Construction of some new railway lines are under process. These include Dalli-Rajhara–Jagdalpur rail line, Pendra Road - Gevra Road Rail Line rail line, Raigarh-Mand Colliery to Bhupdeopur rail line and Barwadih-Chirmiri rail line.^[13]

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) has been engaged to conduct a pre-feasibility study of the Metro Rail project in the State. A New Metro line is proposed between durg-Bhilai-Raipur-Naya Raipur. First phase work will start with Bhilai-Raipur connectivity.^[14]

Air[edit]

The air infrastructure in Chhattisgarh is small compared to other states. Swami Vivekananda Airport in Raipur is its sole airport with scheduled commercial air services. A massive reduction in sales tax on aviation turbine fuel (ATF) from 25 to 4 per cent in Chhattisgarh in 2003 has contributed to a sharp rise in passenger flow. The passenger flow has increased by an overwhelming 58 per cent between 2011 and November 2012.^[15] It has links to top cities of the country. An "On Demand" Air-taxi service is available from Raipur to Korba, Jagdalpur, Raigarh, Ambikapur and Jashpur. The State Government has signed a MOU with the Airports Authority of India (AAI) in July 2013 to develop Raigarh Airport as the state's second airport for domestic flights.^[16]

Airports

Swami Vivekananda Airport, Raipur

• Swami Vivekananda Airport, Raipur
• Bilaspur Airport
• Jagdalpur Airport

Other airstrips

• Nandini Airport, Bhilai
• Baikunth Airstrip, Baikunth
• Kondatarai Airstrip, Raigarh
• JSPL's Airstrip, Raigarh
• Darima Airstrip, Ambikapur
• Korba Airstrip, Korba
• Agdih Airstrip, Jashpur
• Dondi Airstrip, Dondi, Durg

Proposed airstrips

• Kanker
 
• Kabirdham
 
• Surajpur
 
• Dantewada
 
• Bijapur
 
• Korba
 
• Balrampur
 
• Rajnandgaon

History[edit]

Ancient and medieval history[edit]

In ancient times, this region was known as Dakshin-Kausal. This area also finds mention in Ramayana and Mahabharata. Between the sixth and twelfth centuries, Sarabhpurias, Panduavanshi, Somvanshi, Kalachuri and Nagvanshi rulers dominated this region. Kalachurisruled in Chhattisgarh from 980 to 1741 AD.

Modern history[edit]

Chhattisgarh was under Maratha rule (Bhonsales of Nagpur) from 1741 to 1845 AD. It came under British rule from 1845 to 1947. Raipur gained prominence over the of capital Ratanpur with the advent of the British in 1845. In 1905, the Sambalpur district was transferred toOdisha and the estates of Sarguja were transferred from Bengal to Chhattisgarh.

The area constituting the new state merged into on November 1, 1956, under the States Re-organization Act and remained a part of that state for 44 years. Prior to its becoming a part of the new state of Madhya Pradesh, the region was part of old Madhya Pradesh State, with its capital at Nagpur. Prior to that, the region was part of the Central Provinces and Berar province (CP and Berar) under the British rule. Some areas constituting the Chhattisgarh state were princely states under the British rule, but later on were merged into Madhya Pradesh.^[17]

Separation of Chhattisgarh[edit]

Mantralaya in Naya (New) Raipur

The present state of Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000.^[3][4] The demand for a separate state was first raised in the 1920s. Similar demands kept cropping up at regular intervals; however, a well-organized movement was never launched. Several all-party platforms were formed and they usually resolved around petitions, public meetings, seminars, rallies and strikes.^[18] A demand for separate Chhattisgarh was raised in 1924 by the Raipur Congress unit and also discussed in the Annual Session of the Indian Congress at Tripuri. A discussion also took place of forming a Regional Congress organization for Chhattisgarh. When the State Reorganisation Commission was set up in 1954, the demand for a separate Chhattisgarh was put forward, but was not accepted. In 1955, a demand for a separate state was raised in the Nagpur assembly of the then state of Madhya Bharat.^[18]

The 1990s saw more activity for a demand for the new state, such as the formation of a state-wide political forum, especially the Chhattisgarh Rajya Nirman Manch. Chandulal Chadrakar led this forum, several successful region-wide strikes and rallies were organized under the banner of the forum, all of which were supported by major political parties, including the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party.^[18]

The new National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government sent the redrafted Separate Chhattisgarh Bill for the approval of the Madhya Pradesh Assembly, where it was once again unanimously approved and then it was tabled in the Lok Sabha. This bill for a separate Chhattisgarh was passed in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, paving the way for the creation of a separate state of Chhattisgarh. The President of India gave his consent to the Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000 on August 25, 2000. The Government of India subsequently set November 1, 2000, as the day the state of Madhya Pradesh would be divided into Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.^[18]

Government and administration[edit]

The State Legislative assembly is composed of 90 members of the Legislative Assembly. There are 11 members of the Lok Sabha from Chhattisgarh. The Rajya Sabha has five members from the state.

Districts[edit]

Main article: Districts of Chhattisgarh

Largest cities in Chhattisgarh (2011 Census of India estimate)[19]
Rank	City	District	Population	Rank	City	District	Population
01	Raipur	Raipur	1,100,131	06	Ambikapur	Sarguja	256,139
02	Bhilai- Durg district	Durg	1,010,298	07	Rajnandgaon	Rajnandgaon	153,599
03	Bilaspur	Bilaspur	426,741	08	Jagdalpur	Bastar	143,529
04	Raigarh	Raigarh	365,417	09	Chirmiri	Koriya	100,656
05	Korba	Korba	365,116	10	Dhamtari	Dhamtari	90,254

Chhattisgarh state consists of 27 districts:^{[20][21][22][23][24]}

Bastar Division	Durg Division	Raipur Division	Bilaspur Division	Surguja Division
Bijapur Sukma Dantewada (Dakshin Bastar) Bastar (Jagdalpur) Kondagaon Narayanpur Kanker (Uttar Bastar)	Kawardha (Kawardha) Rajnandgaon Balod Durg Bemetara	Dhamtari Gariyaband Raipur Baloda Bazar Mahasamund	Bilaspur Mungeli Korba Janjgir-Champa Raigarh	Koriya Surajpur Surguja (Ambikapur) Balrampur Jashpur

Municipal corporations[edit]

• Ambikapur
• Bhilai
• Bilaspur
• Chirmiri
• Durg
• Jagdalpur
• Korba
• Raigarh
• Raipur
• Rajnandgaon

Human Development Indicators (HDIs)^[25][edit]

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(June 2013)

HDI[edit]

As of 2011 Chhattisgarh had an HDI value of 0.358, the lowest of any Indian state. The national average is 0.467 according to 2011 Indian NHDR report.

Standard of living[edit]

Chhattisgarh has one of the lowest standard of living in India as per the Income Index (0.127) along with the states of Assam, Bihar,Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan. These states have incomes below the national average, with Bihar having the lowest income per capita.

These poor states, despite low absolute incomes, have witnessed high Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) growth rates especially Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Uttarakhand which had growth rates above 10 per cent per annum during the Tenth Five Year Plan period (2002–7).

Education Index[edit]

Chhattisgarh has an Education Index of 0.526 according to 2011 NHDR which is higher than that of states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan which are below the 0.5 mark. Though, it is lower than the national average of 0.563.

With respect to literacy, the state fared just below the national average. The recent estimates from Census (2011) also depict a similar picture with the literacy rate of 71 per cent (81.4% Males & 60.5% Females), which is close to the all India literacy rate of 74 per cent.

According to NSS (2007–8), the literacy rate for STs and SCs was better than the corresponding national average and this is a positive sign.

Among the marginalized groups, STs are at the bottom of the rankings, further emphasizing the lack of social development in the state. Bastar and Dantewada in south Chhattisgarh are the most illiterate districts and the drop out ratio is the highest among all the districts. The reason for this is the extreme poverty in rural areas.

Health Index[edit]

Health Index of Chhattisgarh is less than 0.49, one of the lowest in the country. The Health Index is defined in terms of life expectancy at birth since a higher life expectancy at birth reflects better health outcomes for an individual.

Despite different health related schemes and programmes, the health indicators such as percentage of women with BMI<18.5, Under Five Mortality Rate and underweight children are poor. This may be due to the difficulty in accessing the remote areas in the state. The prevalence of female malnutrition in Chhattisgarh is higher than the national average—half of the ST females are malnourished. The performance of SCs is a little better than the corresponding national and state average. The Under Five Mortality Rate among STs is significantly higher than the national average. The percentage of under-weight children in Chhattisgarh is also higher than the national average, further underlining the appalling health condition of the state's population.

Net State Domestic Product (NSDP)[edit]

Chhattisgarh is one of the emerging states with relatively high growth rates of NSDP (8.2% vs. 7.1% All India over 2002-2008) and per capita NSDP(6.2% vs. 5.4% All India over 2002-2008). The growth rates of the said parameters are above the national averages and thus it appears that Chhattisgarh is catching up with other states in this respect. However, Chhattisgarh still has very low levels of per capita income as compared to the other states.

Urbanisation[edit]

The demographic profile shows that about 80 per cent of the total population lived in rural areas.

Sex ratio[edit]

There are 1,28,32,895 (more than 1.28 crore) males and 1, 27,12,303 (more than 1.27 crore) females in Chhattisgarh which is 2.11 per cent of the country's total population. The sex ratio in the state is one of the best in India with 991 females per 1,000 males, as is the child sex-ratio with 969 females per 1,000 males (Census 2011)

Fertility rate[edit]

Chhattisgarh has a fairly high fertility rate (3.1) as compared to All India (2.6) and the replacement rate (2.1). Chhattisgarh has rural fertility rate of 3.2 and urban fertility rate of 2.1. as

ST population[edit]

With the exception of the hilly states of the north-east, Chhattisgarh has one of highest shares of Scheduled Tribe (ST) population within a state, accounting for about 10 per cent of the STs in India. Scheduled Castes and STs together constitute more than 50 per cent of the state's population. The tribals of Chhattisgarh are an important part of the population and mainly inhabit the dense forests of Bastar and other districts of south Chhattisgarh. The total population of the scheduled caste people in Chhattisagrh stood at 78,22,902 in 2011. Similarly, the percentage increase in the population of the scheduled list of tribals during the 2001-2011 decade had been at the rate of 18.23 per cent. The share of the tribal population in the entire state had been 30.62 per cent which was 31.76 per cent during 2001.

Poverty[edit]

Tendu Patta (Leaf) collection in Chhattisgarh, India.

The incidence of poverty in Chhattisgarh is very high but is better than Odisha and Bihar. The estimated poverty ratio in 2004–5 based on uniform reference period consumption was around 50 per cent, which is approximately double the all India level. The incidence of poverty in the rural and urban areas is almost the same.

More than half of the rural STs and urban SCs are poor. In general, the proportion of poor SC and ST households in the state is higher than the state average and their community's respective national averages (except for rural SC households). Given that more than 50 per cent of the state's population comprises STs and SCs, the high incidence of income poverty among them is a matter of serious concern in the state.

This indicates that the good economic performance in recent years has not percolated to this socially deprived group, which is reflected in their poor performance in human development indicators.

Access to drinking water[edit]

In terms of access to improved drinking water sources, at the aggregate level, Chhattisgarh fared better than the national average and the SCs of the state performed better than the corresponding national average. Scheduled Tribes are marginally below the state average, but still better than the STs at the all India level.

The proportion of households with access to improved sources of drinking water in 2008–9 was 91 per cent. This proportion was over 90 per cent even in states like Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. This was largely because these states had over 70 per cent of their households accessing tube wells/ handpumps as sources of drinking water.

Victim of Fluorosis in Raigarh

Sanitation[edit]

Sanitation facilities in the state are abysmally low with only about 27 per cent having toilet facilities, which is far below the all-India average of 44%.^[26][27] The STs are the most deprived section in this regard with only 18 per cent of the ST households having toilet facilities, which is lower than the all India average for STs. The SCs also have a lower proportion of households with toilet facilities as compared to the all India average.

States with low sanitation coverage in 2001 that improved coverage by 4-10% points are Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.Himachal Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Haryana, Sikkim, Punjab, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goaand Uttarakhand registered increased coverage by more than 20 percentage points.^[26]

Teledensity[edit]

Across states, it has been found that teledensity was below 10 per cent in 2010 for Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, reflecting a lack of access to telephones in these relatively poorer states. On the other hand, for states like Delhi and Himachal Pradesh and metropolitan cities like Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai, teledensity was over 100 per cent in 2010 implying that individuals have more than one telephone connection.

Road density[edit]

The road length per 100 km² (62,000 mi) was less than the national average of 81 km (81,000 m) per 100 km² (62,000 mi) in Chhattisgarh. The rural areas of Chhattisgarh failed to meet their targets of constructing new roads under PMGSY.^[28]

Demographics[edit]

[show]Population Growth

Chhattisgarh is primarily a rural state with only 20% of population (around 5,1 million people in 2011) residing in urban areas. According to the report from the government of India,^[30] at least 34% areScheduled Tribes, 12% are Scheduled Castes and over 50% belong to official list of OBC. Plain area is numerically dominated by castes such as Teli, Satnami and Kurmi; while forest area is mainly occupied by tribes such as Gond, Halbi, Halba and Kamar/Bujia and Oraon.

Tribal Youth of Bastar

Religion[edit]

There were 22.8 million people in Chhattisgarh as per the census 2011 of which 98.30% were Hindu, 1% Muslim and 0.7% Christian.^[31] Chattisgarh now has the highest Hindu percentage in the world by state.

Religions in Chhattisgarh[31]
Religion			Percent
Hindu			98.30%
Others			1.7%

Native of Chhattisgarh Plains with Neem Branches and Leaves on Hareli Festival

Language[edit]

Main article: Chhattisgarhi language

The official language of the state is Hindi and is used by non-rural population of the state.Chhattisgarhi, a dialect of Hindi language, is spoken and understood by the majority of people in Chhattisgarh. Telugu is also spoken in parts of Chhattishgarh.

Chhattisgarhi was known as "Khaltahi" to the surrounding hill-people and as "Laria" to Sambalpuri and Oriya speakers. Kosali and Oriya are also spoken by a lot of people.As well as Bhojpuri is also spoken by a lot of people^[quantify]

Adivasi woman and child

Status of women[edit]

Chhattisgarh has a high female-male sex ratio (991)^[32] ranking at the 5th position among other states of India. Although this ratio is small compared to other states, it is unique in India because Chhattisharh is — the 10th largest state in India.

The gender ratio (number of females per 1000 males) has been steadily declining over 20th century in Chhattisgarh. But it is conspicuous that Chhattisgarh always had a better female-to-male ratio compared with national average.

Year	1901	1911	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2011
India	972	964	955	950	945	946	941	930	934	927	933	940
Chhattisgarh	1046	1039	1041	1043	1032	1024	1008	998	998	985	989	991

Probably, such social composition also results in some customs and cultural practices that seem unique to Chhattisgarh: The regional variants are common in India's diverse cultural pattern.

Rural women, although poor, are independent, better organized, socially outspoken.^[33]According to another local custom, women can choose to terminate a marriage relationship through a custom called chudi pahanana, if she desires. Most of the old temples and shrines here are related to 'women power' (e.g., Shabari, Mahamaya, Danteshwari) and the existence of these temples gives insight into historical and current social fabric of this state. However, a mention of these progressive local customs in no way suggests that the ideology of female subservience does not exist in Chhattisgarh. On the contrary, the male authority and dominance is seen quite clearly in the social and cultural life.

Detailed information on aspects of women's status in Chhattisgarh can be found in 'A situational analysis of women and girls in Chhattisgarh' prepared in 2004 by the National Commission of Women, a statutory body belonging to government of India.

Witchcraft[edit]

In order to bring about social reforms and with a view to discourage undesirable social practices, Chhattisgarh government has enacted the Chhattisgarh Tonhi Atyachar (Niwaran) Act, 2005 against witchery.^[34] Much has to be done on the issue of law enforcement by judicial authorities to protect women in this regard, bringing such persecution to an end.^[35]

Some sections of tribal population of Chhattisgarh state believe in witchcraft.^[35] Women are believed to have access to supernatural forces and are accused of being witches (tonhi) often to settle personal scores.

As of 2010, they are still hounded out of villages on the basis of flimsy accusations by male village sorcerers paid to do so by villagers with personal agendas, such as property and goods acquisition.^[35] According to National Geographic Channel's investigations, those accused are fortunate if they are only verbally bullied and shunned or exiled from their village.

Social Mission Against Blind Faith

Adivasi Woman at Farasgaon Market

Natives of Kamar Tribe

Culture[edit]

A carving in the 10th- or 11th-century Hindu temple of Malhar village. This area, 40 km from Bilaspur, was supposedly a major Buddhist center in ancient times.

The state hosts many religious sects such as Satnami Panth, Kabirpanth, Ramnami Samaj and others. Champaran (Chhattisgarh) is a small town with religious significance as the birthplace of the Saint Vallabhacharya, increasingly important as a pilgrimage site for the Gujarati community.

The Oriya culture is prominent in the eastern parts of Chhattisgarh bordering Odisha.

Crafts[edit]

Chhattisgarh is known for "Kosa silk" and "lost wax art". Besides saris and salwar suits, the fabric is used to create lehengas, stoles, shawls and menswear including jackets, shirts, achkans and sherwanis. International sculptor, Sushil Sakhuja's Dhokra Nandi is famous and available at government's Shabari handicrafts emporium, Raipur.

Dance[edit]

Panthi, Rawat Nacha, Karma, Pandwani, Chaitra, Kaksar, Saila and Soowa are the several indigenous dance styles of Chhattisgarh.

Panthi[edit]

Panthi, the folk dance of the Satnami community, has religious overtones. Panthi is performed on Maghi Purnima, the anniversary of the birth of Guru Ghasidas. The dancers dance around a jaitkhamb set up for the occasion, to songs eulogizing their spiritual head. The songs reflect a view of nirvana, conveying the spirit of their guru's renunciation and the teachings of saint poets like Kabir, Ramdas and Dadu. Dancers with bent torsos and swinging arms dance, carried away by their devotion. As the rhythm quickens, they perform acrobatics and form human pyramids.^[36]

Pandwani[edit]

Pandavani is a folk ballad form performed predominantly in Chhattisgarh. It depicts the story of the Pandavas, the leading characters in the epic Mahabharata. The artists in the Pandavani narration consist of a lead artist and some supporting singers and musicians. There are two styles of narration in Pandavani, Vedamati and Kapalik. In the Vedamati style the lead artist narrates in a simple manner by sitting on the floor throughout the performance. The Kaplik style is livelier, where the narrator actually enacts the scenes and characters.^[37]

Pandwani

Rawat Nacha[edit]

Rawat Nacha, the folk dance of cowherds, is a traditional dance of Yaduvanshis (clan ofYadu) as symbol of worship to Krishna from the 4th day of Diwali(Goverdhan Puja) till the time of Dev Uthani Ekadashi (day of awakening of the gods after a brief rest) which is the 11th day after Diwali according to the Hindu calendar . The dance closely resembles Krishna's dance with the gopis (milkmaids).^[38][39]

In Bilaspur, the Rawat Nach Mahotsav folk dance festival is organized annually since 1978. Tens of hundreds of Rawat dancers from remote areas participate.^[40]

Famous Raut Nacha

Soowa Nacha[edit]

Soowa or Suwa tribal dance in Chhattisgarh is also known as Parrot Dance. It is a symbolic form of dancing related to worship. Dancers keep a parrot in a bamboo-pot and form a circle around it. Then performers sing and dance, moving around it with clapping. This is one of the main dance form of tribal women of Chhattisgarh.^[41]

Sua Nacha at Khudmudi Village, Chhattisgarh

Karma[edit]

Tribal groups like Gonds, the Baigas and the Oraons in Chhattisgarh have Karma dance as part of their culture. Both men and women arrange themselves in two rows and follow the rhythmic steps, directed by the singer group. The Karma tribal dance marks the end of the rainy season and the advent of spring season.^{[clarification needed][42][43]}

Other State people cultural contribution[edit]

• Lata mangeshkar sing song for Chhattisgarhi film Bhakla of Dhriti pati sarkar.
• Mohmd Rafi sing song for Chhattisgarhi film. He had also sung songs for various chhattisgarhi films like Ghardwaar, Kahi Debe Sandes, Punni Ke Chanda, etc.

Theatre[edit]

Theater is known as Gammat in Chhattisgarh. Pandavani is one of the lyrical forms of this theater. Several acclaimed plays of Habib Tanvir, such as Charandas Chor, are variations of Chhattisgarhi theater.

Natya Samaroh by IPTA

Traditional food[edit]

The State of Chhattisgarh is known as the rice bowl of Central India and has a rich tradition of food culture.^[44][45][46]

Most of the traditional and tribal foods are made of rice and rice flour, curd and a variety of green leaves like lal bhaji, chech bhaji, kohda and bohar bhaji. Badi and Bijori are optional food categories; gulgula (bobra), bidiya, dhoodh fara,bafauli, kusli, balooshahi, khurmi fall in sweet categories.

The tribal and village population enjoys delicacy brew made of small, creamy white fruit of a local tree called Mahuwa.

Red Velvet Mite is used as Medicine in Traditional Healing of Chhattisgarh

Economy[edit]

Chhattisgarh's gross state domestic product for 2010 is estimated at INR 60,079 crore in current prices. The economy of Chhattisgarh has grown rapidly in recent years with a growth rate of 11.49 per cent in GDP for 2009–2010.^[47] Chhattisgarh's success factors in achieving high growth rate are growth in agriculture and industrial production.

Tea production

Chhattisgarh State is ranked as the 17th tea production state in India. The districts Jashpur & Sarguja are favorable tea production areas.In the Jashpur district the first tea plantation in "BRAHMNISHTHALAYA SOGARA ASHRAM" the direction of "PUJYA PAD GURUPAD BABA JI". Tea production start after two years by Sogara Ashram.Tea processing unit established in Sogara Ashram & the unit name is "AGHOR TEA PROCESSING PLANT". Forest department also start tea plantation motiveted by SOGARA ASHRAM.In Sarguja distt. "TEA NERSURY" developing by "MARGDARSHAN SANSTHAN AGRICULTURE COLLEGE" Ambikapur,Sarguja.

Agriculture[edit]

Agriculture is counted as the chief economic occupation of the state. According to a government estimate, net sown area of the state is 4.828 million hectares and the gross sown area is 5.788 million hectares.^[48] Horticulture and animal husbandry also engage a major share of the total population of the state.^[49] About 80% of the population of the state is rural and the main livelihood of the villagers is agriculture and agriculture-based small industry.

The majority of the farmers are still practicing the traditional methods of cultivation, resulting in low growth rates and productivity. The farmers have to be made aware of modern technologies suitable to their holdings. Providing adequate knowledge to the farmers is essential for better implementation of the agricultural development plans and to improve the productivity.^[50]

Chloroxylon is used for Pest Management in Organic Rice Cultivation in Chhattisgarh, India

Considering this and a very limited irrigated area, the productivity of not only rice but also other crops is low, hence the farmers are unable to obtain economic benefits from agriculture and it has remained as subsistence agriculture till now.

Medicinal Rice of Chhattisgarh used as Immune Booster

Herbal Farming in Chhattisgarh: Aloe vera

Herbal Farming in Chhattisgarh: Gulbakawali

Herbal Farming in Chhattisgarh: Safed Musli with Arhar

Agricultural products[edit]

The main crops are rice, maize,^[51] kodo-kutki and other small millets and pulses (tuar^[52]and kulthi); oilseeds, such as groundnuts (peanuts), soybeans^[53] and sunflowers, are also grown. In the mid-1990s, most of Chhattisgarh was still a monocrop belt. Only one-fourth to one-fifth of the sown area was double-cropped. When a very substantial portion of the population is dependent on agriculture, a situation where nearly 80% of a state's area is covered only by one crop, immediate attention to turn them into double crop areas is needed. Also, very few cash crops are grown in Chhattisgarh, so there is a need to diversify the agriculture produce towards oilseeds and other cash crops. Chhattisgarh is also called the "rice bowl of central India".^[48]

Kodo Millet is used as Life Saving Medicine in Chhattisgarh, India

Bastar Beer prepared from Sulfi

Irrigation[edit]

In Chhattisgarh, rice, the main crop, is grown on about 77% of the net sown area. Only about 20% of the area is under irrigation; the rest depends on rain. Of the three agroclimatic zones, about 73% of the Chhattisgarh plains, 97% of the Bastar plateau and 95% of the northern hills are rainfed. The irrigated area available for double cropping is only 87,000 ha in Chhattisgarh plains and 2300 ha in Bastar plateau and northern hills. Due to this, the productivity of rice and other crops is low, hence the farmers are unable to obtain economic benefits from agriculture and it has remained as subsistence agriculture till now, though agriculture is the main occupation of more than 80% of the population.^[50]

In Chhattisgarh region about 22% of net cropped area was under irrigation as compared to 36.5% in Madhya Pradesh in 1998-99, whereas the average national irrigation was about 40%. The irrigation is characterized by a high order of variability ranging from 1.6% in Bastar to 75.0% in Dhamtari. Based on an average growth trend in irrigated area, about 0.43% additional area is brought under irrigation every year as compared to 1.89% in Madhya Pradesh and 1.0% in the country as a whole. Thus, irrigation has been growing at a very low rate in Chhattisgarh and the pace of irrigation is so slow, it would take about 122 years to reach the 75% level of net irrigated area in Chhattisgarh at the present rate of growth.^[50]

Chhattisgarh has a limited irrigation system, with dams and canals on some rivers. Average rainfall in the state is around 1400 mm and the entire state falls under the rice agroclimatic zone. Large variation in the yearly rainfall directly affects the production of rice. Irrigation is the prime need of the state for its overall development and therefore the state government has given top priority to development of irrigation.^[48]

A total of four major, 33 medium and 2199 minor irrigation projects have been completed and five major, 9 medium and 312 minor projects are under construction, as of 31 March 2006.

Industrial sector[edit]

Power sector[edit]

Chhattisgarh is one of the few states of India where the power sector is effectively developed. Based on the current production of surplus electric power, the position of the State is comfortable and profitable. The Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB) is in a strong position to meet the electricity requirement of the new state and is in good financial health. Chhattisgarh provides electricity to several other states because of surplus production and its power hubs are Korba and Bilaspur.

In Chhattisgarh, NTPC has a thermal plant with the capacity of 2100 MW at Sipat, Bilaspur, while CSEB's units have a thermal capacity of 1240 MW and hydel capacity of 130 MW. Apart from NTPC and CSEB, there are a number of private generation units of large and small capacity. The state government has pursued a liberal policy with regard to captive generation which has resulted in a number of private players coming up.^[54]

As per a study made by the Power Finance Corporation Ltd., New Delhi, the state has potential of 61000 MW of additional thermal power in terms of availability of coal for more than 100 years and more than 2500 MW hydel capacity. To use this vast potential, substantial additions to the existing generation capacity are already under way.^[54]

Steel sector[edit]

The steel industry is one of the biggest heavy industries of Chhattisgarh. Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai operated by SAIL, with a capacity of 5.4 million tonnes per year, is regarded as a significant growth indicator of the state. More than 100 steel rolling mills, 90 sponge iron plants and ferro-alloy units are in Chhattisgarh. Along with Bhilai, today Raipur, Bilaspur, Korba and Raigarh have become the steel hub of Chhattisgarh. Today, Raipur has become the center of the steel sector, the biggest market for steel in India.^[55]

Aluminium sector[edit]

The aluminium industry of Chhattisgarh was established by Bharat Aluminum Company Limited, which has a capacity of around one million tonnes each year.^[55]

Natural resources[edit]

Forest[edit]

Forests occupy 41.33% of the total area (as per the latest report by the Indian Forest Service) and the rich forest resources include wood, tendu leaves, honey and lac.

Flora of Kabirdham District

Indian Luna Moth in Chhattisgarh Forest

Ventilago in Biodiversity Rich Chhattisgarh Forest

Mahua

Tendu Patta (Leaf) Collection

Mineral deposits[edit]

Chhattisgarh is rich in minerals. It produces 20% of the country's total cement produce. It ranks first in the nation for coal production and second in reserves, third in iron ore production and first in tin production. Limestone, dolomite and bauxite are abundant. It is the only tin-ore producing state in the country. Other minerals include corandum, garnet, quartz,marble, alexandrite and diamonds.

Maikal Hills in Chhattisgarh

Mineral Wealth from Chandidongri, Chhattisgarh

Information and technologies[edit]

In recent years, Chhattisgarh is also getting exposure in information technology (IT) projects and consultancy. Its government is also promoting IT and has set up a body to take care of the IT solutions. The body, known as CHIPS, is providing large IT projects such as Choice, Swan, etc.

Major companies[edit]

Major companies with a presence in the state include:

• Metal: Bhilai Steel Plant, Jindal Steel and Power, BALCO
• Oil: Indian Oil Corporation
• Engineering: Simplex Casting Ltd
• Real estate: CHPL-Dream-Homes Chouhan Housing Pvt Ltd
• Mining: NMDC, SECL
• Power : NTPC,Lanco,KSK Chanmpa,Vandana Vidyut,CSPGCL.^{[citation needed]}

Exports^[56][edit]

Chhattisgarh's total exports were US$ 353.3 million in 2009-10. Nearly 75 per cent of exports comes from Bhilai and the remaining from Urla, Bhanpuri and Sirgitti. The major exports products include steel, handicrafts, handlooms, blended yarn, food and agri-products, iron, aluminium, cement, minerals and engineering products. CSIDC (Chhattisgarh State Industrial Development Corporation Limited) is the nodal agency of the Government of Chhattisgarh for export promotion in the state.

Tourism[edit]

Main article: Tourism in Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh, situated in the heart of India, is endowed with a rich cultural heritage and attractive natural diversity. The state is full of ancient monuments, rare wildlife, exquisitely carved temples, Buddhist sites, palaces, water falls, caves, rock paintings and hill plateaus. Most of these sites are untouched and unexplored and offer a unique and alternate experience to tourists, compared to traditional destinations which have become overcrowded. For tourists who are tired of the crowds at major destinations will like theBastar district, with its unique cultural and ecological identity. The green state of Chhattisgarh has 41.33% of its area under forests and is one of the richest bio-diversity areas in the country.

Panoramic view of Chitrakot Falls, Jagdalpur

Waterfalls[edit]

Beautiful waterfalls in Chhattisgarh are Akuri Nala and Amrit Dhara waterfalls, Gavar Ghat waterfall, Ramdaha waterfall in Koriya district, Tiger point waterfall at Mainpat in Sarguja district and Chitrakot and Tirathgarh waterfalls in Bastar district.

Hot spring[edit]

Known as Taat Pani, (taat means hot, pani means water) the hot spring flows in balrampur district. This hot spring flows throughout the year. It is reputed to have medicinal properties due to high amount of sodium in it. and ntpc national thermal power corp is developing a geothermal power plant here which is described as first geothermal power plant of India.

Caves[edit]

Gadiya mountain in Kanker district, Kotumsar cave and Kailash Gufa in Bastar district, Ramgarh and Sita Bengra in Sarguja district and Singhanpur cave in Raigarh district with pre-historic paintings are very famous.

National parks and wildlife sanctuaries[edit]

Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Bilaspur district, Gamarda Reserve forest at Sarangarh in the Raigarh district, Indravati National Park and Kanger Ghati National Park in the Bastar district, Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary in the Mahasamund district,^[57] Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary in the Raipur district,^[58] and Sitanagi Wildlife Sanctuary in the Dhamtari district^[59] are good places for eco-tourism.

Archaeological sites[edit]

Archaeological sites worth seeing are Barsoor in Dantewada district, Malhar and Ratanpur in Bilaspur district, Sirpur in Mahasamund district and Surguja in Surguja district. A small picnic spot with waterfall on the extremity of Satpura ranga along with a stone inscription of c. 1st century CE is found at Damau dhara in Janjgir-Champa district.

Temples[edit]

Famous and ancient temples in Chhattisgarh are Bhoramdeo temple near Kawardha in Kabirdham district, Rajivlochan temple at Rajim and Champaran in Raipur district, Chandrahasini Devi temple at Chandrapur, Vishnu temple at Janjgir, Damudhara (Rishab Tirth) and Sivarinarayana Laxminarayana temple in Janjgir-Champa district, Bambleshwari Temple at Dongargarh in Rajnandgaon district, Danteshwari Temple in Dantewada district, Deorani-Jethani temple at Tala gram and Mahamaya temple at Ratanpur in Bilaspur district, Laxman temple at Sirpur in Mahasamund district, Uwasaggaharam Parshwa Teerth at Nagpura in Durg district, Pali with Lord Shiva temple and Kharod with Lakshmaneswar temple, Patal Bhairavi temple in outer area of Rajnandgaon.

Giraudhpuri is a religious place for the Satnamis. They are the followers of Satnam Panth.

Sirpur is proposed world heritage site and Malhar are of historical significance, as they were visited by Xuanzang, the Chinese historian.Mama- bachha temple at Barsoor.

Dams[edit]

Hasdev Bango Dam (105 km from Bilaspur), Khudiya Dam, Lormi and Khutaghat Dam, Ratanpur, Gangrel Dam and Murrum Silli Dam, Dhamtari are some dams which are found in Chhattisgarh.

Education[edit]

According to the census of 2011, Chhattisgarh's literacy, the most basic indicator of education was at 71.04 percent. Female literacy is at 60.59 percent.

Absolute literates and literacy rate[edit]

Data from Census of India, 2011.^[60]

Description	2001 census	2011 census
Total	11,173,149	15,598,314
Male	6,711,395	8,962,121
Female	4,461,754	6,636,193
% Total	64.66	71.04
% Male	77.38	81.45
% Female	55.85	60.59

Universities[edit]

Main article: List of educational institutions in Chhattisgarh

Bastar Vishwavidyalaya, is one of the new universities erected at the same time as Sarguja university. Bastar University is bifurcated from Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur.

Premier institutes in Chhattisgarh[edit]

There are four premier Professional Institutes in the state of Chhattisgarh.

1. Indian Institute of Management Raipur
2. National Institute of Technology Raipur
3. All India Institute of Medical Sciences,Raipur
4. Hidayatullah National Law University

Other universities[edit]

1. Guru Ghasidas University
2. Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University
3. Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University
4. Pandit Sundarlal Sharma (Open) University Chhattisgarh^[61]

Sarguja University[edit]

Sarguja Vishwavidyalaya was established and incorporated by Chhattisgarh Vishwavidyalaya Adhiniyam No. 18 of 2008. The territorial jurisdiction of the University is the entire Sarguja division comprising the revenue districts of Koriya, Sarguja, and Jaspur. It started functioning from September 2, 2008. Sarguja is a fast growing industrial area, having a large number of small industrial units. The jurisdiction is the nerve centre of business, especially coal, forestry, and natural resources, including medicinal trees. The region has a very rich historical and cultural heritage. The university is situated in a tribally enriched, socially and economically challenged area of Chhattisgarh State. At present the university is partially residential and fully one, having its jurisdiction spread over the Sarguja revenue division. At present the university has 42 affiliated colleges offering various courses in arts, science, commerce, education, law, management, and social science. Ambikapur town is a Municipal Corporation and is well connected with all parts of the country by road and rail also. Recently this town is connected with Durg, Raipur, Bilaspur and Anuppur of SECR. The railway station is 4 km away from town. Frequent local transport is available for reaching the university. The nearest railway zone and main railway is Bilaspur in SECR, 235 km away. Raipur, the capital of Chhattishgarh is 350 km away which is the nearest airport.^[62]

Dr. C. V. Raman University[edit]

Dr. C.V. Raman University was established on 3 November 2006, and inaugurated on October 14, 2007 by Hon. Shri Suresh Pachouri (Minister of State for Personnel and Parliamentary Affairs, Government of India), in the presence of Senior Ministers of GoCG - Shri Amar Agarwal (Minister of Commerce) and Dr. Krishnamurti Bandhi (Minister of Higher Education), Shri Santosh Kumar Choubey (Chancellor), Dr. A.S. Zadgaonkar (Vice Chancellor) along with other Members of the Parliament and MLAs of various constituencies. The Dr. C.V. Raman University, Chhattisgarh is a premium University that maintains a unique pedagogy and innovative teaching methodology. The cool serene ambience of the campus provides an ideal academic environment for the students, away from the concrete jungle of the city.^[63]

Media and communications[edit]

• Print media: Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Statesman, Dainik Bhaskar, Nai Dunia, Patrika,Navabharat, Haribhumi

Telecommunications

• Airtel, Aircell, BSNL, Idea Cellular, Reliance Mobile, Tata Docomo, Vodafone, Videocon

Television

• Airtel digital TV, Dish TV, Reliance Digital TV, TATA Sky, Videocon D2H, Big Tv

Radio

• All India Radio
• 94.3 MYFM
• Radio Rangeela
• Radio Mirchi
• Radio Tadka

See also[edit]

	Geography portal
	Asia portal
	South Asia portal
	India portal

• India
• Outline of India
• Index of India-related articles
• Bibliography of India
•  India at Wikipedia books

Notes[edit]

1. Jump up^ "Chhatisgarh State – Power Hub". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
2. Jump up^ "Chhattisgarh -Steel". Retrieved 22 July 2011.^{[dead link]}
3. ^ Jump up to:^a bhttp://cgfinance.nic.in/Rules%20&%20Act/Reorganisation%20Act-2000/Reorganisation%20Act,2000(English).PDF
4. ^ Jump up to:^a bhttp://zeenews.india.com/Elections08/chattisgarhstory.aspx?aid=482902
5. ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Origin of Name of Chhattisgarh". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
6. Jump up^ Dr. Bhagvan Singh Verma, Chhattisgarh ka Itihas (A History of Chhattisgarh – in Hindi), Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy, Bhopal (M.P.), 4th edition (2003), p.7
7. Jump up^ Pragati Infosoft Pvt. Ltd. "Chhattisgarh Climate, Climate of Chhattisgarh, Chhattisgarh Temperature, Temperature of Chhattisgarh". Chhattisgarhonline.in. Retrieved 29 August 2011.^{[dead link]}
8. Jump up^ "Welcome to NHAI". Nhai.org. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
9. Jump up^ http://www.nhai.org/Doc/16feb12/NH_Statewise.pdf
10. Jump up^ "Chhattisgarh - Varshik Prasaskiy Prativedan 2013".Government of Chhattisgarh.
11. Jump up^ "South East Central Railways". South East Central Railway. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
12. Jump up^ "Department of Commerce & Industry Chhattisgarh".Government of Chhattisgarh. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
13. Jump up^ "Proposed new rail line to bring Mumbai, Kolkata closer".Business Standard. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
14. Jump up^ "Urban Infrastructure Sector Profile". Government of Chhattisgarh. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
15. Jump up^ Bagchi, Suvojit (8 November 2012). "Pranab hopes Raipur airport's new terminal will support Chhattisgarh's growth". Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
16. Jump up^ "Chhattisgarh's second airport worth Rs 280 crore in Raigarh soon". The Times of India. 24 July 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
17. Jump up^http://cgfinance.nic.in/FSFC/State%20Finance%20Report/English/Chap-4.pdf
18. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d "Prithak Chhattisgarh". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
19. Jump up^ "chhattisgarh". Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner. 18 March 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-23.^{[dead link]}
20. Jump up^ "Chhattisgarh carves out nine more districts". The Times Of India. 1 January 2012.^{[dead link]}
21. Jump up^ "Electoral rolls". Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Chhatisgarh.^{[dead link]}
22. Jump up^ http://www.chhattisgarh.nic.in/statistics/details.pdf
23. Jump up^ List of Chhattisgarh District Centres^{[dead link]} at NIC, Chhatisgarh official Portal
24. Jump up^ Mathew, K.M. (ed.). Manorama Yearbook 2008, Kottayam: Malayala Manorama, ISSN 0542-5778, p.518
25. Jump up^ India Human Development Report, 2011 (Oxford)
26. ^ Jump up to:^a b "Indicus Analytics: The real dirty picture". Business-standard.com. 2012-04-12. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
27. Jump up^ [1]^{[dead link]}
28. Jump up^http://www.cgrrda.gov.in/Contents/Completed%20Roads/Completed%20Roads.htm
29. Jump up^ "Census Population" (PDF). Census of India. Ministry of Finance India. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
30. Jump up^ "NCW Report, page 4". National Commission of Women, Government of India. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
31. ^ Jump up to:^a b Religious landscape of Chhattisgarh
32. Jump up^ "Chhattisgarh, At a glance". Census 2011, Ministry of Home Affair, India. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
33. Jump up^ "Social Structure in Chhattisgarh". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
34. Jump up^ "Dark Spell". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
35. ^ Jump up to:^a b c "India: Protective Laws Fall Short for Women Charged with Witchcraft". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
36. Jump up^ "Panthi Dance". Retrieved 27 July 2011.
37. Jump up^ "Pandawani". Retrieved 27 July 2011.
38. Jump up^ "Rawat Nacha Traditions". Retrieved 27 July 2011.
39. Jump up^ "Raut nacha". Retrieved 27 July 2011.
40. Jump up^ "Rawat nacha mahotsva". Retrieved 27 July 2011.
41. Jump up^ "Suwa Dance". Retrieved 27 July 2011.
42. Jump up^ "Arts and Culture of Chhatisgarh". Retrieved 27 July 2011.
43. Jump up^ "Karma Tribal Dance in India". Retrieved 27 July 2011.
44. Jump up^ Oudhia, P. (1999) Chhattisgarh farmer's response on control of weeds in direct seeded rice. Agril. Sci. Digest. 19(4): 261-263.
45. Jump up^ Das, G.K. and Oudhia, P. (2001).Rice as medicinal plant in Chhattisgarh (India):A survey.Agric.Sci.Digest.21(3):204-205.
46. Jump up^ Oudhia, P. (2002).Rice-Acorus intercropping: A new system developed by innovative farmers of Chhattisgarh (India).International Rice Research Notes (IRRN).27(1):56.
47. Jump up^ "Chhattisgarh's GDP growth highest in 2009–10". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
48. ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Agriculture in Chhattisgarh". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
49. Jump up^ "Economy of Chhatisgarh". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
50. ^ Jump up to:^a b c http://nhm.nic.in/ActionPlan/ActionPlan_Chhatisgarh.pdf
51. Jump up^ Oudhia, P. (1999) Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara L. on germination of soybean. Legume Research 22(4): 273-274.
52. Jump up^ Oudhia, P. (2000).Positive (inhibitory) allelopathic effects of some obnoxious weeds on germination and seedling vigour of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.).Research on Crops. 1 (1):116-118.
53. Jump up^ Oudhia, P. (2001).Stimulatory allelopathic effects of Ageratum conyzoides L. on soybean. Agric. Sci.Digest.21 (1):55-56.
54. ^ Jump up to:^a b "Power Sector in Chhatisgarh". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
55. ^ Jump up to:^a b "Industries in Chhattisgarh". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
56. Jump up^ http://www.ibef.org/download/Chhattisgarh_271211.pdf
57. Jump up^ Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary
58. Jump up^ Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary
59. Jump up^ Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary
60. Jump up^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/Chhattishgarh/2.%20Chhattishgarh%20Figures%20at%20a%20glance.pdf
61. Jump up^ "Pt. sundarlal sharma (Open) University Chhattisgarh, Bilaspur". Pssou.ac.in. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
62. Jump up^ "Welcome to Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University". Prsu.ac.in. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
63. Jump up^ Dr.C.V Raman Universityhttp://cvru.ac.in/university_objectives.html

References[edit]

• Books on Chhattisgarh
  • ड़ा.संजय अलंग-छत्तीसगढ़ की जनजातियाँ Tribes और जातियाँ Castes (मानसी पब्लीकेशन,दिल्ली 6, ISBN 978-81-89559-32-8)
  • ड़ा.संजय अलंग-छत्तीसगढ़ की पूर्व रियासतें और जमीन्दारियाँ (वैभव प्रकाशन,रायपुर 1, ISBN 81-89244-96-5)http://www.scribd.com/doc/72030961/Dr-Sanjay-Alung-CG-Ki-Riyaste-Jamindariya-Hindi
  • Deshbandhu Publication Division, "सन्दर्भ छत्तीसगढ़"
  • Deshbandhu Publication Division, "छत्तीसगढ़ के तीर्थ और पर्यटन स्थल"
  • Deshbandhu Publication Division, "Chhattisgarh: Beautiful & Bountiful (Study in Biodiversity of Chhattisgarh)"
  • Ramesh Dewangan & Sunil Tuteja, "Chhattisgarh Samagra"
  • C.K. Chandrakar, "Chhattisgarhi Shabadkosh" ....
  • C.K. Chandrakar, "Manak Chhattisgarhi Vyakaran"
  • C.K. Chandrakar, "Chhattisgarhi Muhawara Kosh"
  • Lawrence Babb, "The Divine Hierarchy: Popular Hinduism in Central India"
  • Saurabh Dube, "Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity and Power among a Central Indian Community, 1780–1950" (on the Satnamis)
  • Ramdas Lamb, "Rapt in the Name: Ramnamis, Ramnam and Untouchable Religion in Central India"
  • Chad Bauman, "Identifying the Satnam: Hindu Satnamis, Indian Christians and Dalit Religion in Colonial Chhattisgarh, India (1868–1947) (Ph. D. dissertation, Princeton Theological Seminary, 2005)
  • "List of books by Prof H. L. Shukla